H2022. har

[הוֺר‎], assumed by Thes and others as ancient form for הַר‎ mountain, to explain הוֺרַי‎ Genesis 49:26, read הוֺרֵיעָֿד‎; but better הַרֲרֵיעַֿד‎ everlasting mountains, see הַר‎ below הרר‎.

הַר‎₅₅₈ noun masculine^{Genesis 7:19} mountain, hill, hill-country (Late Hebrew id., plural הֲרָרִים הָרִים,‎; Phoenician הר‎ CIS^{i. 3, 17}; Sabean suffix הרתהמו‎ DHM^{ZMG 1876, 673}); — ׳ה‎ absolute Joshua 17:18 +; with article הָהָר‎ Exodus 3:12 +; with ָ ה‎ locative הֶ֫רָה‎ Genesis 14:10, הָהָ֫רָה‎ 12:8 12t.; construct הַר‎ 10:30 +; suffix הַרֲרִי‎ Psalm 30:8, הֲרָרִי‎ Jeremiah 17:3; הַרְכֶם‎ Psalm 11:1; הַרֲרָם‎ Genesis 14:6; plural הָרִים‎ Deuteronomy 11:11 +; with article הֶהָרִים‎ Genesis 7:19 +; construct הָרֵי‎ 8:4 27t.; הַרֲרֵי‎ Deuteronomy 33:15 8t. (all poetry); suffix הָרַי‎ Isaiah 14:25; 49:11; Zechariah 14:5 + Ezekiel 38:21 (B Co חרדה‎), הָרָ֑י‎ Isaiah 65:9; הָרָיו‎ Ezekiel 35:8; Malachi 1:3; הֲרָרֶיהָ‎ Deuteronomy 8:9; —

1 mountain, hill (these often not sharply distinguished, but):

a. specifically mountain, high elevation, often in all the literature; — e. g. סִינַי הַר‎ Mount Sinai (properly, the Mount of Sinai; so always) Exodus 19:11, 18, 20, 23; 24:16; 31:18; 34:2, 4, 29, 32; Leviticus 7:38; 25:1; 26:46; 27:34; Numbers 3:1; 28:6; Nehemiah 9:13 (see סִינַי‎); also הָהָר‎ = id., Exodus 19:2 10t. Exodus 19 (19:18 read הָעָם‎, so Manuscripts ᵐ5‎ Di) 20:18; 24:4 6t. Exodus 24; 25:40; 26:30; 27:8; 32:1, 15, 19; 34:2-3,(twice in verse); 34:29; = חוֺרֵב הֵר‎ 33:6 (see חֹרֵב‎), also חֹרֵ֑בָה הָאֱלֹהִים אֶלהַֿר‎ 3:1, חֹרֵב הָאֱלֹהִים הַר עַד‎ 1 Kings 19:8; further הָהָר‎ = id., Deuteronomy 4:11 (twice in verse); 5:4-5, 19, 20; 9:9-10t. Deuteronomy 9.. 10, 1 Kings 19:11; = הָאֱלֹהִים הַר‎ Exodus 4:27; 18:5; 24:13 (all J E) = יחוה הַר‎ Numbers 10:33 (compare Di); see further הָהָר הֹר‎ Hor the mount (so always) 20:22 10t. Numbers; Deuteronomy 32:50; = חָחָר‎ Numbers 20:28 (twice in verse); נְבוֺ הַר‎ Deuteronomy 32:49; 34:1 = הָהָר‎ 32:50; = הַזֶּה הָעֲבָרִים הַר‎ Numbers 27:12; Deuteronomy 32:49, compare (נְבוֺ לִפְנֵי‎) הָעֲבָרִים הָרֵי‎ Numbers 33:47-48, גְּרִזִּים הַר‎ Mt. Gerizim Deuteronomy 11:29; 27:12; Joshua 8:33; הַרגְּֿרִזִּים ראֹשׁ‎ Judges 9:7; עֵֹיבָ֑ל הַר‎ Mt. Ebal Deuteronomy 11:29; 27:4; 24:13; Joshua 8:30, 33; also חֶרְמוֺן הַר‎ Mt. Hermon Deuteronomy 3:8; Joshua 11:17; 12:1, 5; 13:5, 11; 1 Chronicles 5:23; compare Deuteronomy 4:48 חֶרְמוֺן הוּא שִׂיאֹן הַר‎ (see חֶרְמוֺן‎), & חֶרְמוֺן בַּעַל הַר‎ (see id., & חרמון בעל‎ below בעל‎); חַלְּבָנוֺן הַר‎ Mt. Lebanon Judges 3:3, compare לְבָנוֺן יַרְכְּתֵי הָרִים מְרוֺם‎ 2 Kings 19:23 = Isaiah 37:24 (see לבנון‎); הַכַּרְמֶ֑ל הַר‎ Mt. Carmel 1 Kings 18:19-20, 2 Kings 2:25; 4:25 (see כרמל‎); הָהָר‎ = id., 4:27, apparently also 1:9; תָּבוֺר הַר‎ Mt. Tabor, Judges 4:6, 12, 14, compare Jeremiah 46:18 בֶּהָרִים תָּבוֺר‎ (opposed to בַּיָּם כַּרְמֶל‎); הַגִּלְבֹּעַ הַר‎ 1 Samuel 31:1, 8; 2 Samuel 1:6, also (poetry) בַּגּ ׳הָרֵי‎ 1:21 (compare Dr); הַרחֶֿרֶס‎ Judges 1:35 (Stu חֶרֶס עָר‎) compare חֶרֶס‎; הַזֵּיתִים הַר‎ Zechariah 14:4 (twice in verse) Mount of Olives, (opposed to גֵּיא‎) compare לָעִיר מִקֶּדֶם אֲשֶׁר הָהָר‎ Ezekiel 11:23; also יְרוּשָׁלַםִ עַלמְּֿנֵי אֲשֶׁר בָּהָר‎ 1 Kings 11:7 (place of Solomon's idolatry) = הַרהַֿמַּשְׁחִית‎ 2 Kings 23:13 mountain of the destroyer (same combination in another, figurative sense Jeremiah 51:25), others derive ׳הַמ‎ here from משׁח‎ anoint, and render as = Mt. of Olives (cited as המשׁחה הר‎ Talmud, Shabb. 56 b), compare Hoffm^{ZAW 1882, 175}; הֶהָרִים אַחַד‎ in land of Moriah Genesis 22:2; mountains about Jerusalem in General, לָהּ סָבִיב הָרִים יְרוּשָׁלַםִ‎ Psalm 125:2; compare also 121:1 ("" יהוה‎); הָהָר‎ of citadel of Jerusalem Isaiah 22:5; of temple hill הַבַּיִת הַר‎ Micah 3:12 = Jeremiah 26:18; בֵּיתיֿ ׳הַר‎ Isaiah 2:2 = Micah 4:1; 2 Chronicles 33:15; also בַּשָּׂדֶה הֲרָרִי‎ Jeremiah 17:3; further צִיּוֺן הַר‎ Mt. Zion Isaiah 4:5; 8:18; 10:12; 18:7; 24:23; 29:8; 31:4; 37:32; Micah 4:7; Lamentations 5:18; Obadiah 17.. Joel 3:5; Psalm 48:3; 48:12; 74:2; 78:68; 125:1 (see also צִיּוֺן‎); compare בַּ֯יתצִֿיּוֺן הַר‎ Isaiah 10:32, צ בַּת ׳הַר‎ 16:1; ׳הַריֿ‎ 2:3 = Micah 4:2; Isaiah 30:29; Psalm 24:3; (id. of Horeb Numbers 10:33 J E); הַקֹּדֶשׁ הַר ׳הַריֿ צְבָאוֺת‎ Zechariah 8:3, הַרקָֿדְשִׁי‎ Zephaniah 3:11; Obadiah 16; Ezekiel 20:40; Isaiah 11:9 = 65:25, compare 56:7; 57:13; 65:11; Joel 2:1 ("" צִיּוֺן‎) Joel 4:17 ("" id.) Psalm 2:6 ("" id.) 3:5; 15:1; 43:3; 48:2; see further יְרוּשָׁלַםִ הַרקָֿדְשִׁי‎ Isaiah 66:20 compare Daniel 9:16 & יְרוּשָׁלַםִ הַקֹּדֶשׁ הַר‎ Isaiah 27:13; also צְבִיקֹֿדֶשׁ הַר‎ Daniel 11:45; הַרהַֿקֹּדֶשׁ‎ Jeremiah 31:23; even אֱלֹהַי קֹדֶשׁ הַר‎ Daniel 9:20; other designations of temple-hill are ׳א לְשִׁבְתּוֺ חָמַד הָהָר‎ Psalm 68:17, & יִשְׂרָאֵל מְרוֺם הַר‎ Ezekiel 17:23; 20:40 ("" הַרקָֿדְשִׁי‎); אֱלֹהִים קֹדֶשׁ הַר‎ 28:14 of the distant abode of God (or gods?) so אֱלֹהִים הַר‎ 28:16 (הַראֱֿלֹהִים‎ Psalm 68:16 is General, a God's mountain, i.e. a majestic mountain, likewise in simile מִשְׁמָּטֶיךָ כְּהַרֲרֵיאֵֿל‎ 36:7); — הָאֱלֹהִים הַר‎ elsewhere of Horeb (Sinai) Exodus 4:27; 18:5; 24:13; 1 Kings 19:8 (see above). Note particular הַרמֿוֺעֵד‎ Isaiah 14:13 mountain of meeting or of assembly, i.e. the dwelling-place of the gods, according to Babylonian conception, here represented as in the far north, see especially Che De Di, Dl^{Pa 117 ff.} COT^{on the passage} Jr^57ff. Jen^{Kosmologie 23.} Upon the mountain is עָלהָֿהָר‎ compare עַלהֶֿהָרִים עַלבְּֿתוּלָיהָ וַתֵּבְךְּ‎ Judges 11:38, & the peculiar phrase הֶהָרִים עַלֿ וְיָרַדְתִּי וְאֵלְכָה‎ 11:37; go up upon אָלֿ עָלָה‎ Exodus 19:23; 24:13; 34:4 (all J E); compare accusative in הָהָר הֹר אֹתָם הַעַל‎ Numbers 20:25; speak with one upon is בהר דבר‎ Exodus 31:18; 34:32; Numbers 3:1 (all P), Leviticus 25:1 (H), compare command, give commands, law, etc., בהר‎ 7:38; 26:46; 27:34 (all P or H); other phrases with בְּ‎ upon (literally in, i.e. in the midst of a group of mountains) Exodus 34:3 בְּכָל‎ (JE) 25:40; 26:30; 27:8; Numbers 28:6 (all P), Isaiah 13:4; but בְּחֹרֵב‎ Psalm 106:19 = at Horeb, הָהָר בְּהֹר‎ Numbers 33:37 at Mt. Hor; go down from the mountain is מִןהָֿהָר יָרַד‎ Exodus 32:1, 15 (both J E) 34:29 (twice in verse) (both P), compare Judges 9:36 etc.

b. mountain-range הַרבָּֿשָׁן‎ Psalm 68:16 (twice in verse) = הַראֱֿלֹהִים‎ 68:16; = הַרגַּֿבְנֻנִּים‎ 68:16, גַּבְנֻנִּים הָרִים‎ 68:17 (of the Jebel Hauran: see בשׁן‎).

c. mountain, indefinite, Job 14:18 ("" צוּר‎); usually plural mountains, in General, or the mountains, especially in poetry & the higher style; often figurative; הֶהָרִים הָרִים,‎, covered by flood Genesis 7:20 compare 7:19; 8:5; covered by waters & freed therefrom by word of God (at creation) Psalm 104:6; a chief work of God (in creation) Amos 4:13; Psalm 65:7; 90:2; Proverbs 8:25 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎); weighed by God Isaiah 40:12; removed and overturned in anger of God Job 9:5 compare Psalm 46:3; 46:4; devastated by God Isaiah 42:15 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎) compare Jeremiah 9:9; smoking at God's touch Psalm 104:32; 144:5; melting at presence of ׳י‎ Judges 5:5; Micah 1:4; Psalm 97:5; Isaiah 63:19; 64:2; trembling 5:25 compare Jeremiah 4:24 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎), Nahum 1:5 ("" id.), Habakkuk 3:10; called to witness Yahweh's dealings with his people Micah 6:2 ("" אָ֑רֶץ מֹסְדֵי הָאֵתָנִים‎) compare 6:1 ("" הַגְּבָעוֺת‎), entreated to cover the guilty Hosea 10:8 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎); addressed by ׳י‎ also Ezekiel 6:3 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎, opposed to גֵּאָוֺת אֲפִיקִים,‎); specifically, mountains of Israel summoned to hear ׳י‎ and addressed by him 36:1 (twice in verse); 36:4, 8; 37:22; 38:8; 39:2, 4; summoned to praise ׳י‎ Psalm 148:9 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎) compare Isaiah 44:23; 49:13; 55:12 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎); leaping in praise of ׳י‎ Psalm 114:4; 114:6 (both "" גְּבָעוֺת‎); הַרֲרֵיקֶֿדֶם‎ Deuteronomy 33:15 ("" עוֺלָם גִּבְעוֺת‎); הַרֲרֵיעַֿד‎ Habakkuk 3:6 ("" id.); הַרֲרֵיעַֿד‎ also Psalm 76:5 (according to ᵐ5‎ Bi Che; ᵑ0‎ has טֶרֶף‎ for עַד‎), and probably Genesis 49:26 for עַד הוֺרַי ᵑ0‎ ("" עוֺלָם גִּבְעֹת‎) compare Di.

d. high mountain גָּבֹהַּ הַר‎ Isaiah 30:25 ("" נִשָּׂאָה גִּבְעָה‎) compare 40:9; 52:7; מְאֹד גָּכֹהַּ הַר‎ Ezekiel 40:2; וְתָלוּל גָּבֹהַּ הַר‎ 17:22; plural הַגְּבֹהִים הֶהָרִים‎ Genesis 7:19; Psalm 104:18 ("" סְלָעִים‎), ׳הֶה הָרָמִים‎ Isaiah 2:14 as symbol of strength and pride ("" הַנִּשָּׂאוֺת הַגְּבָעוֺת‎), compare הֶהָרִים‎ Ezekiel 38:20 ("" חוֺמָה מַדְרֵגוֺת,‎).

e. opposite valley or plain Joshua 12:8 (D; opposed to שְׁפֵלָה עֲרָבָה, אֲשֵׁדוֺת, מִדְּבָּר,‎), compare Deuteronomy 1:7, also Jeremiah 17:26 (opposed to שְׁפֵלָה‎); Genesis 19:17 (J; opposed to כִּכָּר‎); often opposed to גַּיְא‎ 2 Kings 2:16; Ezekiel 31:12 (figurative) 32:5 (id.) 35:8 ("" גִּבְעָה‎), 36:4 ("" id.), Isaiah 40:4 ("" id.), opposed to בִּקְעָה‎ Deuteronomy 8:7; 11:11; Psalm 104:8; opposed to מִדְבָּר‎ Lamentations 4:19 (compare Joshua 12:8 above); הָרִים בֵּין‎ Psalm 104:10 is "" בַּנְּחָלִים‎; see also י הָרִים ׳אֱלֹהֵי עֲמָקִים וְלֹאאֱֿלֹהֵי‎ 1 Kings 20:28, compare 20:23 (opposed to מִישׁוֺר‎); note also הָעֵמֶק הַר‎ Joshua 13:19 (P), & גֵּיהָֿרִים גֵּיאהָֿרַי,‎ Zechariah 14:5 (twice in verse); further הָרִים מִדְבַּר‎ Psalm 75:7 mountainous desert Vrss. & most modern (Baer מִדְבָּר‎ but compare De); mountain-ward is הֶ֫רָה‎ Genesis 14:10.

f. mountains as hiding-places: — בֶּהָרִים אֲוֶר הַמִּנְהָרוֺת‎ Judges 6:2 the burrows (Stanley, VB) which are in the mountains; compare Psalm 11:1; Jeremiah 16:16 ("" גִּבְעָה‎); הָרִים מִשֹּׁרֶשׁ הָפַךְ‎ Job 28:9 (of mining), see also Deuteronomy 8:9.

g. mountains as running-place of gazelles 1 Chronicles 12:8; of leopards נְמֵרִים הַרֲרֵי‎ Song of Solomon 4:8; hunting-ground for partridges 1 Samuel 26:20; הָרִים עוֺף‎ Psalm 50:11; compare 11:1 (figurative); wandering-place of lost sheep (figurative) Nahum 3:18; 1 Kings 22:17; Jeremiah 50:6 compare 50:6 ("" גִּבְעָה‎), Ezekiel 34:6 ("" רָמָה כָּלגִּֿבְעָה‎) 2 Chronicles 18:16.

h. grazing-places for cattle בְּהַרֲרֵיאָֿ֑לֶף בְּהֵמוֺת‎Psalm 50:10 (read אֵל‎ for אלף‎ Ol Bi Che), compare הָרִים יְתוּר‎ Job 39:8 of pasture of wild ass; also (si vera lectio) הָרִים בּוּל‎ 40:20, i.e. mountains as furnishing food for hippopotamus; see further Song of Solomon 4:6; 8:14; Proverbs 27:25.

i. as place of field and vineyards2 Chronicles 26:10 (opposed to מִישׁוֺר שְׁפֵלָה,‎) Isaiah 7:25; see also חָצִיר הָרִים הַמַּצְמִיחַ‎ Psalm 147:8 compare Haggai 1:11; figurative Psalm 72:3 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎); in promise חָלָב תֵּלַכְנָה וְהַגְּבָעוֺת עָסִיס הֶהָרִים יִטְּפוּ‎ Joel 4:18 compare Amos 9:13;

j. as kindled into flame (i.e. their forests; in simile) Psalm 83:15.

k. as scene of massacre, (figurative) Isaiah 34:3 melting with blood; as place of battle array, height 1 Samuel 17:3 (twice in verse).

1 as places of illicit worship Isaiah 65:7 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎) compare Jeremiah 3:6 & apparently 3:25 ("" id.) so וְנִשָּׂא הַרגָּֿבֹהַּ‎ Isaiah 57:7, הָרָמִים הֶהָרִים‎ Deuteronomy 12:2 ("" הַגְּבָעוֺת‎); but Ezekiel 18:6, 15 read perhaps הַדָּם‎ for הרים‎ compare RS^{K 310} & 33:25. masculine in various combinations הָהָר צַד‎ 1 Samuel 23:26 (twice in verse); 2 Samuel 13:34 side of the mountain, הָהָר צֵלַע‎ 16:13 id.; הָרִים מֹץ‎ Isaiah 17:13 chaff of mountains; הָרִים זֶרֶם‎ Job 24:8 mountain-shower; הֶהָרִים צֵל‎ Judges 9:36 shadow of the mountains; נְחשֶׁת הָרֵי וְהֶהָרִים הָרִים שְׁנֵי מִבֵּין‎ Zechariah 6:1; top of mountain usually הָהָר ראֹשׁ‎ Numbers 14:40, 44; 1 Samuel 26:13; 2 Kings 1:9; as place for beacon Isaiah 30:17 ("" גִּבְעָה‎), (compare הַרנִֿשְׁמֶּה‎ 13:2 & הָרִים נְשׂאֹנֵֿס‎ 18:3), הֶהָרִים ראֹשׁ‎ 2:2 = Micah 4:1, הָרִים ראֹשׁ‎ Isaiah 42:11 ("" סֶלַע‎ as dwelling-place) see also Psalm 72:16; הֶהָרִים רָאשֵׁי‎ Genesis 8:5; as lurking-places for ambuscade Judges 9:25, 36, placesfor altars Ezekiel 6:13 ("" רָמָה גִּבְעָה‎), for sacrifice Hosea 4:13 ("" הַגְּבָעוֺת‎); הָהָר ראֹשׁ‎ Joshua 15:8 = mountain-ridge, compare 15:9; Judges 16:3; הָרִים תּוֺעֲפוֺת‎ Psalm 95:4; foundations of mountains הָרִים מוֺסְדֵי‎ Deuteronomy 32:22; Psalm 18:8 ("" הַשָּׁמַיִם מוֺסְדוֺת‎ 2 Samuel 22:8); compare יָרַדְתִּי הָרִים לְקִצְבֵי‎ Jonah 2:7.

noun in figure uses: תָּשִׂים כַּמֹּץ וּגְבָעוֺת וְתָדֹק הָרִים תָּדוּשׁ‎ Isaiah 41:15 figurative of Israel's overcoming its foes; נָ֑שֶׁף עַלהָֿרֵי רַגְלֵיכֶם יִתְנַגְּפוּ‎ Jeremiah 13:16 of encountering hopeless calamities; הֶהָרִים‎ Isaiah 54:10 as less permanent & changeless than Yahweh's kindness ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎); הַמַּשְׁחִית הַר‎ Jeremiah 51:25 & שְׂרֵפָה הַר‎ 51:25 figurative of Babylon.

2 hill-country, mountain-region,

a. opposed to plain, etc.: — dwelling-place of Canaanites, הָהָר‎ Numbers 13:17, 29 (of promised land; opposed to הַיָּם הַנֶּגֶב, אֶרֶץ‎ & יַדהַֿיַּרְדֵּן‎); הַיָּם וּבְחוֺף וּבַנֶּגֶב וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה בָּהָר בָּֽעֲרָבָה‎ Deuteronomy 1:7; מִיָּם דּוֺר וּבְנָפוֺת וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה כִּנְַּרוֺת נֶגֶב וּבָֽעֲרָבָה בָּהָר‎ Joshua 11:2; וּבַנֶּגֶב וּבַמִּדְבָּר וּבָֽאֲשֵׁדוֺת וּבָֽעֲרָבָה וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה בָּהָר‎ 12:8; compare 9:1; 10:40; Judges 1:9; הָהָר‎ indefinite (the hill-country, the mountains, in General) 2 Chronicles 2:1 (place for hewing wood) so v.2:17; Nehemiah 8:15 (place for cutting boughs), etc.

b. of a particular mountain-region, hill-country: הָאֱמֹרִי הַר‎ Deuteronomy 1:7 (compare 1:7) 1:19 (compare 1:24), also Joshua 10:6; of Amalekites Judges 12:15; of Ephraim Joshua 17:15; 19:50; 20:7; 21:21; 24:30, 33; Judges 3:27; 4:5; 7:24; 9:48; 17:1 6t. Judges 17; 1 Samuel 1:1; 9:4; 14:22; 2 Samuel 20:21; 1 Kings 4:8; 12:25; 2 Kings 5:22; 1 Chronicles 6:52; 2 Chronicles 13:4; 15:8; 19:4; Jeremiah 4:15; 31:6; Ephraim and Gilead 50:19 (compare also (ה)הר‎ Joshua 17:16, 18; Judges 3:27); of Israel Joshua 11:16, 21, cf. יִשְׂרָאֵל הָרֵי‎ Ezekiel 6:2; 19:9; 33:28; 34:13; 35:12; יִשְׂרָאֵל מְרוֺם הָרֵי‎ 17:23; 20:40 ("" הַרקָֿדְשִׁי‎) 34:14; הָהָר עָרֵי‎ i.e. in mountain-country Deuteronomy 2:37 (of Ammonites), Jeremiah 32:44; 33:13; hill-country of Judah Joshua 11:21; 15:48; 18:12; 20:7; 21:11; 2 Chronicles 21:11 (יהודה הָרֵי‎) 27:4; abode of Jebusites Joshua 11:3.

הֲרָרֶיהָ הַרֲרִי, הַרֲרָם, הֲרָרִי, הַרֲרִי,‎ see הר‎.