H1696. dabar

[דָּבַר‎]₁₁₄₂ verb speak (original meaning dubious; range in order Thes is conjectural and not comprehensive enough; treiben MV does not explain Arabic or Hebrew usage, but only Aramaic A meaning go away, sustained by Arabic go away with it, would best explain the four branches of usage: — (1) Arabic depart, perish, IV. retreat, figurative retrograde, decline; passing away, death; Assyrian dabâru, Pi`el drive away, Bez^{Orient. Diplom, Vocab.}, Dibbara, pest-god, Hpt. in KAT^{2. 500}, דֶּבֶר‎ pestilence. (2) Arabic follow behind, in time, place, or station; part behind, back, דְּבִיר‎ hindmost chamber of temple. (3) Syriac lead, guide, cattle, sheep, government, take a wife, = Aramaic דְּבַר‎; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּר‎ leader; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּרָא‎ guidance; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבְרָא‎, Hebrew דֹּבֶר‎; Syriac , Aramaic מַדְבְּרָא‎, Hebrew מִדְבָּר‎ pasture, wilderness; Arabic , Syriac , Aramaic דַּבַּרְתָא‎, Hebrew דְּבוֺרָה‎ swarm of bees, may be in this line, as led by their queen, so Thes. (4) Arabic consider the end or issue (of an affair), relate (a story or tradition); consider, plan against; Phoenician דבר‎ speak; Hebrew דִּבֶּר‎ etc. Synonym of אָמַר‎ say, as Aramaic מַלֵּל‎ with אֲמַר‎; Greek λαλεῖν, λέγειν; Lat loqui, dicere; German reden, sagen) —

Qal₄₁ only infinitive (once ?) & participle: Infinitive suffix בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ‎ (by attraction to בְּשָׁפְטֶ֑ךָ‎ for usual Piel) Psalm 51:6; Participle דֹּבֵר‎ Exodus 6:29-30t.; plural דֹּבְרִים‎ Numbers 36:5; Psalm 109:20; construct דֹּבְרֵי‎ 5:7 3t.; feminine דֹּבְרוֺת‎ Numbers 27:7; Psalm 31:19; passive דָּבֻר‎ Proverbs 25:11; — speak, absolute Numbers 27:7; 32:27; 36:5 (P) Psalm 51:6 (?); דָּבֻר דָּבָר‎ word spoken Proverbs 25:11; with accusative of thing דָּבָר דֹּבֵר‎ speaking a word Job 2:13; אמת‎ Psalm 15:2, תמים‎ Amos 5:10, (מ)ישׁרים‎ Proverbs 16:13; Isaiah 33:15, צדק‎ 45:19, שׁלום‎ Esther 10:3; Psalm 28:3, שׁקר(יםׅ‎ Psalm 63:12; 101:7; Jeremiah 40:16, כזב‎ Psalm 5:7; 58:4, רע‎ 109:20, נבלה‎ Isaiah 9:16, נפשׁו הַוַּת‎ Micah 7:3; with אֶל‎ of person, unto Genesis 16:13 (J) Exodus 6:29 (P) Jeremiah 38:20; 40:16; Daniel 10:11; Jonah 3:2; בְּאָזְנֵי‎ in the ears of Deuteronomy 5:1; Jeremiah 28:7; עַל‎ concerning, about Psalm 31:19; 109:20; Jeremiah 32:42 (sometimes rendered against, but dubious); עִם‎ with Psalm 28:3; בִּי הַדֹּבֵר הַמַּלְאָךְ‎ the angel that spake with me (as a prophet, an instrument of communicating with Israel) Zechariah 1:9, 13, 14; 2:2; 2:7; 4:1, 4, 5; 5:5, 10; 6:4 (see preposition בְּ‎

III. 2 Ew^{§ 217 f.} (3)).

Niph`al₄ Perfect נִדְבְּרוּ‎ Malachi 3:16, נִדְבָּ֑רוּ‎ Psalm 119:23, נִדְבַּרְנוּ‎ Malachi 3:13; Participle הַנִּדְבָּרִים‎ Ezekiel 33:30; reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk, absolute Malachi 3:16; with בְּ‎, against Psalm 119:23; Ezekiel 33:30; with עַל‎, concerning, about Malachi 3:13 (RV against, see Ew^{§ 217 i}.)

Pi`el₁₀₈₉ Perfect דִּבֶּר‎ Genesis 12:4 +, דִּבֵּ֑ר‎ 21:1 + (on דִּבֶּ֑ר‎ Exodus 12:25; Deuteronomy 26:19 see Bö^{§ 1021 d} (1) Kö^{i, 188}); Imperfect יְדַבֵּר‎ Genesis 44:7 +, יְדַבֶּרֿ‎ 44:18 +; תְּדַבְּרוּן‎ 32:20, תְּדַבֵּר֑וּן‎ Psalm 58:2; Imperative דַּבֵּר‎ Genesis 24:38 +, דַּבֶּרֿ‎ Exodus 11:2 +; Infinitive דַּבֵּר‎ Genesis 24:50 +, דַּבֶּרֿ‎ Isaiah 59:13 +; Participle מְדַבֵּר‎ Genesis 27:6 +; feminine מְדַבֶּרֶת‎ 1 Samuel 1:13 +; — (הַדִּבֵּר‎ Jeremiah 5:13, infinitive Ki⁴⁸, probably Ol^{§ 182 e} Kö^{§ 23 -5}, perhaps MV; but more probably a noun, as Ges^{§ 52} (2), Anm. 3 Ew^{§ 156 a}, dubious perfect as Sta^{§ 222}; דִּבֶּר בְּיוֺם‎ Exodus 6:28; Numbers 3:1; Deuteronomy 4:15; דִּבֶּרֿ תְּחִלַּת‎ Hosea 1:2, infinitive Ki⁴⁸ Bö^{§ 987} (7) Kö^{§ 23} (5); but more probably perfect, as Ges^{§ 52} (2). Anm. 3); — speak,

1 absolute Deuteronomy 18:17 +?לֵאמֹר‎, less frequently וַיּאֹמֶר‎: 2 Kings 18:28 +, compare the phrases (י דברתי׳אני )‎ Ezekiel 5:13 18t. Ezekiel; י ׳כי דבר‎ Isaiah 1:2; 21:17; 22:25; 24:3; 25:8; Jeremiah 13:15; Joel 4:8; Obadiah 18; י פי ׳כי דבר‎ Isaiah 1:20; 40:5; 58:14; Micah 4:4; ידבר פי‎ Psalm 49:4; פי (י)דבר‎ 66:14; 145:21; ודבר השׁכם‎ Jeremiah 7:13; 25:3; 35:14; מדבר זה עוד‎ Job 1:16-17, 18.

2 with accusative of thing, very frequently, האלה הדברים את ׳ד‎ Exodus 20:1; Deuteronomy 5:19 +; דְּבָרֶיךָ עוֺד תְּדַבֵּר לָמָּה‎ why speakest thou any more of thy affairs ? 2 Samuel 19:30; דְּבָרָ֑י אִםדִּֿבַּרְתִּי עַד‎ until I have told my errand Genesis 24:33; seldom followed by דָּבָר‎ indefinite; as ׳ד דָּבָר‎ Isaiah 58:13 speak a (mere, empty) word; so probably also ׳ד דְּבָרִים‎ Hosea 10:4; with other nouns, e.g. קשׁות דבר‎ spake rough words Genesis 42:7, 30 (E); ׳ד גבהה‎ proud words 1 Samuel 2:3; טבות‎ friendly words Jeremiah 12:6; טוב‎ 1 Samuel 19:4; 1 Kings 22:13; Esther 7:9; שׁקר‎ Isaiah 59:3 +, כזב‎ Daniel 11:27, אמת‎ Jeremiah 9:4 +, שׁוא‎ Psalm 12:3 +; שׁיר דבר‎ utter, sing a song Judges 5:12 משׁל‎ 1 Kings 5:12; יְהוּדִית‎ the Jewish language Nehemiah 13:24; סרה‎ rebellion Deuteronomy 13:6; Jeremiah 28:16; 29:32.

3 with persons:

a. rarely accusative לְשָׁלֹם דַבְּרוֺ יָָֽכְלוּ‎ they could [not] speak unto him peaceably Genesis 37:4 (J; but Ew^{§ 282 a} about him); אֹתָם ֗֗֗ וַיְדַבֵּר‎ Numbers 26:3 (P, but text corrupt see Di; not satisfactory explanation yet given, possibly read אִתָּם‎ see d).

b. most frequently with אֶל‎ throughout the literature: Genesis 8:15 +; compare phrases י ׳וַיְדַבֵּר לֵאמֹר משֶׁה אֶל‎ Exodus 6:10 87t. P; but י ׳וידבּר לך משׁה אל‎ 32:7; 33:1 (JE); אהרן אל דבּר‎ Leviticus 6:18 8t. (P); בני אל דבר ישׂראל‎ Exodus 6:9 38t. (P); elsewhere, 19:6 (E) Deuteronomy 1:3; 4:45 (D); ׳ד העדה (כל) אל‎ Exodus 12:3; Leviticus 19:2; Numbers 16:24, 26 (P); ׳ד לב אל‎ speak unto one's heart Genesis 24:45, i.e. to oneself, compare also ׳ד לִבָּהּ על‎ 1 Samuel 1:13, see

5 below; אל‎ is used inexactly for על‎ 1 Samuel 3:12; 1 Kings 16:12; Isaiah 16:13; Jeremiah 27:13; 30:4; 33:14; 36:7, 31; 40:2; 50:1; 51:12, 62 where it is rendered concerning or against.

c. with לְ‎ speak to 1 Kings 2:19; Ezekiel 32:21; Daniel 2:4; ליהוה‎ speak, sing to Yahweh words of a song Joshua 10:12 (D) 2 Samuel 22:1 (= Psalm 18:1 title); in D, ל דבר‎ promise to, in phrases דבר(י ל׳כאשׁר )‎ Deuteronomy 1:11, 21; 6:3; 9:3; 10:9; 11:25; 12:20; 15:6; 18:2; 26:18; 27:3; 29:12; Joshua 13:14, 33; 22:4; 23:5, 10 (all D); ל דבר אשׁר‎ Deuteronomy 9:28; 1 Kings 8:24-25, 26 (= 2 Chronicles 6:15-16, 17). — ל דבר‎ Genesis 24:7; 28:15; 49:28; Exodus 32:34 (J) Joshua 9:21 (P) Judges 14:7; 2 Samuel 23:3; Isaiah 30:10; Zechariah 9:10 usually rendered speak to, but often rather promise to. אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ לְדַבֶּרלָֿךְ הֲיֵשׁ‎ is it possible to speak for thee unto the king ? 2 Kings 4:13 (by attraction to לָךְ לַעֲשׂוֺת‎).

d. with אֵת‎ speak with Genesis 17:3, 22, 23; 21:2; 23:8; 34:6, 8; 35:13, 15; Exodus 25:22; 31:18; 34:29, 33, 34, 35; Numbers 3:1; 7:89; Joshua 22:15, 21 (all P) Genesis 35:14; 41:9; 42:7; 45:15; Joshua 17:14 (all E) Deuteronomy 5:21; sources of Samuel Kings Chronicles, 2 Samuel 3:27; 7:7 = 1 Chronicles 17:6; 1 Kings 8:15 2 Chronicles 6:4; 1 Kings 22:24 2 Chronicles 18:23; 10:10 ( = אל‎ 1 Kings 12:10) Jeremiah 5:5; 7:22; 9:7; 35:2; 38:25; Ezekiel 2:1; 3:22, 24, 27; 14:4; 20:3; 44:5; Daniel 1:19; Zechariah 8:16; compare phrases אחד את חד דבר‎ speak one with another Ezekiel 33:30; את משׁפטים דבר‎ speak judgments with, usually = give judgment against, (not Jeremiah 12:1), 1:16; 4:12; 12:1; 39:5; 52:9 (= 2 Kings 25:6); את טבות דבר‎ speak kindly with 25:28 = Jeremiah 52:32.

e. with עִם‎ speak with, (not P), Genesis 29:9; 31:24, 29; Exodus 19:9; 20:19 (twice in verse); 20:22; 33:9; Numbers 11:17; 22:19; Joshua 24:27 (all J E) Deuteronomy 5:4; 9:10; Judges 6:17; 1 Samuel 9:25 (ᵐ5‎ Th We Dr לְ וַיִּרְבְּדוּ‎ spread a couch for) 17:23; 2 Samuel 13:22; 1 Kings 1:14, 22; 2 Kings 6:33; 18:26; 2 Chronicles 9:1 (= אֶל‎ 1 Kings 10:2) Nehemiah 9:18; Esther 6:14; Jeremiah 32:4; Daniel 8:18; 9:22; 10:11, 15, 17, 19; Hosea 12:5; לִבִּי עִם אֲנִי דִּבַּרְתִּי‎ I spake, communed with my heart Ecclesiastes 1:16. feminine לִפְנֵי‎ before, in the presence of Exodus 6:12; Numbers 36:1 (P) Judges 11:11; 1 Kings 3:22; Esther 8:3.

4 with בְּ‎

a. instrumental, בְּ דבר‎ speak with, by, or by means of a person (see above

Qal near the end) Numbers 12:2 (twice in verse); 12:6, 8 (E) 2 Samuel 23:2 (compare Dr), 1 Kings 22:28 2 Chronicles 18:27; Habakkuk 2:1; דִּבֶּר בְּשֵׁם‎ speak in the name of Exodus 5:23 (J) Deuteronomy 18:19-20, (twice in verse); 18:22; 1 Chronicles 21:19; Jeremiah 20:9; 26:16; 29:23; 44:16; Daniel 9:6; Zechariah 13:3; ביד‎ by the hand of Numbers 17:5; 27:23; Joshua 20:2 (P) 1 Samuel 28:17; 1 Kings 8:53 13t. Kings, 2 Chronicles 10:15 (= 1 Kings 12:15) Isaiah 20:2; Jeremiah 37:2; 50:1; Ezekiel 38:17.

b. local (figurative), בְּאָזְנֵי‎ in the ears of Genesis 20:8 (E) Exodus 11:2; Deuteronomy 32:44 (J) Genesis 23:16; Numbers 14:28; Joshua 20:4 (P) Deuteronomy 31:28, 30; Judges 9:2-3, 1 Samuel 8:21; 11:4; 25:24; 2 Samuel 3:19 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 26:15; Proverbs 23:9; דבר בלב‎ speak in the heart Ecclesiastes 2:15.

c. of the object, speak of, about (preposition בְּ‎ IV. e Ew^{§ 217 f}, (2)) Deuteronomy 6:7; 11:19; 1 Samuel 19:3-4, Psalm 119:46; 122:8; propose for (a wife) 1 Samuel 25:39 (compare Song of Solomon 8:8).

d. of hostility, against (Ew^{§ 217 f}, (1)) Numbers 12:1, 8; 21:5, 7 (E) Job 19:18; Psalm 50:20; 78:19.

e. of price, בְּנַפְשׁוֺ‎ at the cost of his life 1 Kings 2:23 (see בְּ‎ III. 3).

5 with עַל‎, of the object concerning or about which one speaks Genesis 18:19; Numbers 10:29 (J) Joshua 23:14 (D) Judges 9:3; 1 Samuel 25:30; 1 Kings 2:4, 27; 5:13 (twice in verse); 14:2; 22:23 (= 2 Chronicles 18:22), 2 Kings 10:10; 19:21 = Isaiah 37:22; 1 Chronicles 22:11; 2 Chronicles 23:3; Jeremiah 1:16; 18:7-8, 9; 42:19. It may have this sense in most if not all of the following, where RV renders 1 Kings 2:18-19, Esther 7:9; Jeremiah 18:20 for; 2 Chronicles 32:16; Nehemiah 6:12; Jeremiah 11:17; 16:10; 25:13; 26:13, 19; 35:17; Ezekiel 36:5; Daniel 9:12; 11:36; Hosea 7:13; Amos 3:1 against; and 1 Kings 9:5; 2 Kings 22:19; Jeremiah 10:1; 19:15 unto (על‎ is used for אל‎ unto2 Chronicles 32:19; Jeremiah 6:10; 25:2; 26:2; Hosea 12:11); compare the phrase לב על דבר‎ speak upon the heart, speak kindly, comfort Genesis 34:3; 50:21 (E) Judges 19:3; Ruth 2:13; 1 Samuel 1:13 (seemingly from context על‎ for אל‎, to her heart, to herself, see Dr), 2 Samuel 19:8; 2 Chronicles 30:22; 32:6; Isaiah 40:2; Hosea 2:16.

6 with infin. לעשׂות דבר‎ promise to do Exodus 32:14 (J) Deuteronomy 1:14; Ezekiel 6:10; Jonah 3:10; לתת דבר‎ promise to give Deuteronomy 19:8; למחות דבר‎ threaten to blot out 2 Kings 14:27; compare להזהיר דבר‎ i.e. so as to warn Ezekiel 3:18; 33:8.

Note. — הַמַּמְלָכָה אֶתכָּֿלזֶֿרַע וַתְּדַבֵּר וַתָּקָם‎2 Chronicles 22:10 ᵐ5‎ ἀπώλεσε, ᵑ9‎ interfecit, scribal error for וַתְּאַבֵּד‎ 2 Kings 11:1. Other explanations: plot against, waylay (Arabic ) Thes MV; pronounce sentence, elliptical מִשְׁמָּטִים וַתְּדַבֵּר‎ Ges^Hdw Rob; but compare VB. —

Pu`al Imperfect שֶׁיְּדֻבַּרבָּֿהּ בַּיּוֺם‎ in the day when she may be spoken for Song of Solomon 8:8 (see Pi`el 4 c); Participle בָּךְ מְדֻבָּר נִכְבָּדוֺת‎ glorious things are being spoken in thee (RV Pe MV of thee) Psalm 87:3.

Hithpa`el Participle מִדַּבֵּר‎ = מִתְדַּבֵּר‎ with accusative הַזֶּה הַדָּבָר מִדַּבֵּר‎ speaking this word 2 Samuel 14:13; אֶל מִדַּבֵּר הַקּוֺל) (אֵת ׳שָׁמַע‎ heard (the voice, or) one speaking unto Numbers 7:89 (P) Ezekiel 2:2; 43:6 (Di Numbers 7:89 would read מְדַבֵּר‎ after ᵐ5‎; the meaning not appreciably different from Piel; the Hithpa`el difficult to reconcile with אֶל‎).

Hiph`il Imperfect תַּחְתָּי עַמִּים וַיַּדְבֵּר‎ Psalm 18:48 (2 Samuel 22:48 has וּמֹרִיד‎ for rare וַיַּדְבֵּר‎), תַּחְתֵּינוּ עַמִּים יַדְבֵּר‎ Psalm 47:4; either (compare Aramaic דַּבַּר‎) leads subject (so Ges coegit, De Now), or (compare Arabic turn the back, retreat) puts to flight, figurative for subdues (so Hi).