H6213. asah

I. עָשָׂה‎₂₆₂₂ verb do, make (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; MI^{23, 26} עשתי‎, l.³; l.⁹ ואעש‎, l.²⁴ Imperative עשו‎; Old Hebrew proper name מעשיהו אלעשה, עשיו,‎; not Aramaic, and not certainly found in South Semitic languages; on Sabean see especially DHM^{SB Berl. Akkadian 1886, 849}); —

Qal₂₅₂₄ Perfect3masculine singular Genesis 3:1 +, suffix עָשָׂהוּ‎ Hosea 8:6 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה‎ Deuteronomy 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת‎ consecutive Leviticus 25:21; 2masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ‎ Genesis 3:14 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה‎ 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה‎ 1 Kings 16:25 3t., וַיַּעַשׂ‎ Isaiah 5:2 +; יַעֲשֵׂה‎ 64:3, 2masculine singular תַּעֲשֶׂה‎ 1 Samuel 10:8, תַּעֲשֵׂה‎ Genesis 26:29; Joshua 7:9, jussive (with אַל‎) תַּעַשׂ‎ Genesis 22:12 +, תַּעֲשֵׂה‎ 2 Samuel 13:12; Jeremiah 40:16 Qr (Kt תַּעַשׂ‎); 1 singular אֶעֱשֶׂה‎ Genesis 2:18 +, וָאֶעֱשֶׂה‎ Ezekiel 20:14; Daniel 8:27, וָאַעַשׂ‎ Deuteronomy 10:3-4t. Ezekiel; etc.; Imperative masculine singular עֲשֵׂה‎ Judges 10:15 +; feminine singular עֲשִׂי‎ Jeremiah 6:26 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute עָשׂה‎ 44:17 +; עָשׂוֺ‎ 7:5 2t. (4:18 van d. H. עָשׂוּ‎); construct עֲשׂוֺת‎ Genesis 2:4 +, עֲשׂה‎ 50:20 2t., עֲשׂוֺ‎ 31:28, suffix עֲשׂתוֺ‎ 41:32 +, עֲשׂהוּ‎ Exodus 18:18, etc.; Participle active עשֶֹׁה‎ Isaiah 5:5 +, suffix הָעשֹׁוֺ‎ Job 40:19 (but see below); plural עשִֹׁים‎ Genesis 24:49 +; suffix עשָֹׁ֑י‎ Job 35:10 (yet see Ges^{§ 124k}), etc.; passive עָשׂוּי‎ Exodus 3:16 +, הֶעָשׂוּ‎ Job 41:25 (Ges^{§ 75k}); feminine עֲשׂוּיָה‎ Ezekiel 21:20 +, etc.; —

I. 1. do (1560 + t.):

a. (1) with accusative active Genesis 3:14 (J) 20:10 (E) + often; do right in eyes of ׳י‎ 2 Kings 12:3; 14:13 +, evil 8:18, 27 + (compare I. עַיִן‎

3c); do God's commands, statutes, etc., Deuteronomy 16:12; 30:8; Numbers 15:39 (P); ׳ע חַיִל‎ 1 Samuel 14:48 + do might, i.e. mightily, valiantly; Proverbs 31:39 do efficiency, i.e. efficiently; = commit (offence) Leviticus 20:13 (H), Deuteronomy 20:18; followed by מִן‎ particle, מֵהֵנָּה מֵאַחַת וְעָשָׂה‎ Leviticus 4:2 and shall do a single one of them (things prohibited; see מִן‎ 3b (d)), compare י מִכָּלמִֿצְוֺת אַחַת ׳וְעָשׂוּ‎ 4:13; 4:22; 5:17 (all P); do = perform a work, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb מַעֲשֶׂה‎ Exodus 18:20; 23:12 (E), also (׳י‎ subject) Deuteronomy 11:7; Daniel 9:14; Ecclesiastes 3:11; with accusative מְלָאכָה‎ Genesis 2:2 (twice in verse) (J), Exodus 20:9-10, = Deuteronomy 9:13 (10 Words); with accusative דְּרָכֶיךָ‎ Isaiah 58:13; ׳ע עַל מְלוּכָה‎ 1 Kings 21:7 = exercise sovereignty over; of ׳י‎ performing signs (אֹתֹת‎) Joshua 24:17 (E), Numbers 14:11, 22 (JE), Deuteronomy 11:3, so Moses Exodus 4:17 and (מֹפְתִים‎) 4:21. (2) do something to one (ל‎ person) Genesis 20:9 (E), Judges 9:56 +; with עַל‎ reflexive Jeremiah 26:19 do evil against ourselves; especially ׳י‎ subject, with לְ‎, do good to Exodus 18:9 (E), 2 Kings 8:66, or evil Genesis 42:28 (E); in phrase so may God do to me, etc. 1 Samuel 3:17; 2 Kings 6:31 + (see יסף‎

Hiph`il 1.). (3) do something for one (ל‎ person) Genesis 30:31; 1 Kings 11:8 +, direct object omitted 1 Samuel 20:4; + ל‎ of thing Judges 21:7, 16 what shall we do for them, for wives ? with עַל‎ person Nehemiah 5:19; with dativus ethicus [dative of interest] (ל‎) 1 Samuel 10:7; with לְ‎, of ׳י‎ doing kindness for 22:3; executing vengeance for Judges 11:36 (+ מִן‎ of enemy); ׳י‎ doing a sign (אוֺת‎) for 6:17 (elsewhere לְ אוֺת נָתַן‎), compare לְטוֺבָה אוֺת עֲשֵׂהעִֿמִּי‎ Psalm 86:17. (4) do something (in relation or intercourse) wilth (אֵת‎ person), ׳י‎ subject Deuteronomy 1:30 all that he did with you, 10:21 (compare Psalm 86:17 above), human subject 2 Chronicles 24:24 (object שְׁפָטִים‎), Ruth 2:11. (5) seldom with ב‎, usually of executing judgment upon 1 Samuel 28:18; Isaiah 48:14, more Generally Esther 1:15 what shall we do with the queen ? also, subject ׳י‎, Ezekiel 25:11; 28:26; Psalm 149:7; 149:9; Numbers 33:4 (on false gods); in good sense, ׳ע בּ ׳חֲסָדִים‎ Nehemiah 13:14. (6) of ׳י‎ doing the justice (מִשְׁמַּט‎) of any one, i.e. maintaining his cause 1 Kings 8:45, 49; Psalm 9:5. (7) with adverb do thus, כֹּה‎, Joshua 6:14 (JE), according to, כְּ‎ Genesis 6:22 (P), 18:21 (J), 1 Kings 2:6; accusative as, כַּאֲשֶׁר‎ Genesis 27:19 (J); Exodus 1:17 (E) +; with בְּ‎ of manner, Judges 9:16a, Ezekiel 8:18; 25:15.

b. work for (ל‎ of thing) Genesis 30:30 (J); with ל‎ person 1 Samuel 14:6; Ezekiel 29:20 (for ׳י‎); work in (ב‎) gold or other material 1 Kings 7:14; 2 Chronicles 2:6; 2:13; Exodus 31:4-5, 35:32 (all P); with בָּהּ‎ (i.e. בָּעֲבֹדָה‎) 5:9 (J) in toil; work with (עִם‎) God 1 Samuel 14:45, so probably of God's working with (אֵת‎) Moses and Aaron 12:6 (usually appoint); with אֵת‎ with (of person in whose company, in whose field Ruth 2:19 (twice in verse) (gleaning); work כַּמֶּיהָ בְּחֵפֶץ‎ Proverbs 31:13; without preposition Exodus 36:1; Nehemiah 3:28.

2 deal with, with עִם‎, 2 Chronicles 2:2; Daniel 1:13 (כַּאֲשֶׁר‎ accusative as); with אֵת‎, Ezekiel 20:44; Psalm 109:21; Ezekiel 22:14; Zephaniah 3:19 (perhaps; Gr Now insert כָּלָה‎, see

II 1 g), + כְּ‎ Jeremiah 21:2, + בְּ‎ of manner Ezekiel 23:25, 29; with לְ‎ person + בְּ‎ 25:12; with בְּ‎ person, Jeremiah 18:23; Daniel 11:7, + כְּ‎ according to Nehemiah 9:24; Esther 3:11.

3 often in phrase, do kindness (חֶסֶד‎) with: with עִם (עִמָּדִ)‎ Genesis 19:19; 24:12; 12:14 (J), Judges 1:24; 8:35; 1 Samuel 15:6; 2 Samuel 2:5; 10:2 = 1 Chronicles 19:2 +; with עַל‎, 1 Samuel 20:8 (but read עִם‎ Vrss We Dr and others); absolute, Psalm 109:16; object חֶסֶד‎ + אֱמֶת‎, with עִם‎, Joshua 2:14 (JE) Judges 9:19; 2 Samuel 2:6; with אֵת‎ with, Genesis 24:49; 32:11; 47:29 (all J); with לְ‎, Exodus 20:6 = Deuteronomy 5:10; 2 Samuel 22:51 = Psalm 18:51; so ׳ע טוֺב‎, with עִם‎, Genesis 26:29 (J), compare Judges 8:35; 9:16; with אֵת‎ with, 1 Samuel 24:19; 2 Samuel 2:6.

4 absolute act, act with effect, especially of ׳י‎, 1 Kings 8:32, 39; Jeremiah 14:7; Ezekiel 20:9, 14, 22; Psalm 22:32; Psalm 37:5; Psalm 52:11; Daniel 9:19; of men 2 Chronicles 31:21; Daniel 8:12, 24; 11:28, 30, 32; with ל‎ of person Ezekiel 31:11.

II. 1. make (670 + t.):

a. with object concrete, ark Genesis 8:6, altar 13:4, idols Judges 18:24, 31 +, etc.

b. often of God's making (creating) Genesis 3:1 (J), 1:7, 16, 25 (P), Nehemiah 9:6; Job 9:9; Proverbs 8:26; 2 Chronicles 2:11; Psalm 95:5 +; making man 100:3; 119:73 (made by God's hands), in the womb Job 31:15 (twice in verse); making, constituting, nation Deuteronomy 26:19; 32:6, 15; participle suffix עשֵֹׁהוּ‎ his Maker Isaiah 17:7; Proverbs 14:31; 17:5 (הָעשֹׁוֺ‎ Job 40:19 is improbable, most read הֶעָשָׂוּי‎, with various interpretation of following words); עשֶֹׁךָ‎ Isaiah 51:13, עשֵֹׁנִי‎ Job 32:23 (Ginsb; Job 32:22 van d. H. Baer), עשֵֹׁנוּ‎ Psalm 95:6; so apparently plural participle עשָֹׁ֑י‎ Job 35:10, עשַֹׁיִךְ‎ Isaiah 54:5 (Ges^{§ 124k} explanation as sg.).

c. make something, with לְ‎ reflexive, make for thee Exodus 20:4; Deuteronomy 9:12; 10:1 +, for (ל‎) another 1 Samuel 2:19; 2 Samuel 7:11; 1 Kings 2:24 +; object מִשְׁתֶּה‎ banquet Genesis 40:20; Esther 5:4, also (no ל‎) Genesis 29:22 (E) Judges 14:10; Esther 5:5, 12 and (figurative, ׳י‎ subject) Isaiah 25:6; with ל‎ of thing, Deuteronomy 22:8; with ל‎ of animal Genesis 33:17 (J).

d. make a name (שֵׁם‎) for oneself (ל‎) 2 Samuel 7:9; 1 Chronicles 17:8, also (no ל‎) 2 Samuel 8:13; a new heart for oneself (ל‎) Ezekiel 18:31.

e. make war with (אֶת‎) Genesis 14:2; Joshua 11:18 (D); with עִם‎, Deuteronomy 20:12, 20; 1 Chronicles 5:10, 19; absolute 22:8; with ל‎ reflexive Proverbs 24:6; participle מִלְחָמָה עשֵֹׁה‎2 Chronicles 11:1; 26:11, 13; make peace, with ל‎ person Joshua 9:15 (J); ׳ע בְרָכָה אִתִּי‎ 2 Kings 18:31 make an agreement with me.

f. with ׳ע בּ ׳מֶּרֶץ ב,‎ Judges 21:15 ׳י‎ brought a catastrophe upon (compare פרץ‎).

g. with 2 accusative, make something out of (accusative mater.) Exodus 25:18; 28:13; 37:17, 24; Song of Solomon 3:10; Deuteronomy 10:3 +; make something into something (Ges^{§ 117ii}) Hosea 8:4; Genesis 27:9; Judges 17:4; Numbers 11:8; 17:3; Psalm 104:4; make something כָּלָה‎, i. e. utterly destroy it Nahum 1:8; Zephaniah 1:18; Ezekiel 20:17; Nehemiah 9:31; c. passive participle as 2nd accusative Exodus 38:7 they made it לֻחֹת נְבוּב‎ hollow with boards, 39:9; but also with accusative + לְ‎, Hosea 2:10 gold they made into (ל‎) the Baal, Judges 8:27; Exodus 27:3 (P), Deuteronomy 9:14; Jeremiah 37:15; Ezekiel 4:9; Isaiah 44:17, 19; make something for (ל‎ person), + מִן‎ of material Song of Solomon 3:9.

2 produce, yield: of grain, yielding meal Hosea 8:7 (twice in verse), vineyard, grapes Isaiah 5:2 (twice in verse); 5:4 (twice in verse); 5:10, tree, fruit 2 Kings 19:30 = Isaiah 37:31; Hosea 9:16; Jeremiah 12:2; 17:8; Ezekiel 17:23 (all figurative), Genesis 1:11-12, (P); branches Job 14:9 and (figurative) Ezekiel 17:8; land, fruit Leviticus 25:21 compare Habakkuk 3:17, absolute Genesis 41:47; of seed Isaiah 5:10, vine, shoots Ezekiel 17:6 (figurative); of cows, yielding milk Isaiah 7:22; hippop. producing fat Job 15:27.

3 prepare, especially of dressing and cooking food, Genesis 18:7-8, Judges 6:19; 13:5; 1 Samuel 25:18 (passive), 2 Samuel 12:4 (twice in verse); Genesis 27:14, 17, 31; 2 Samuel 13:5, 7; 1 Kings 17:12; Exodus 12:39 (+ ל‎ reflexive); a bullock for sacrifice (see below) 1 Kings 18:23, 25, 26; גוֺלָה כְּלֵי‎ Ezekiel 12:3 (+ ל‎ reflexive); a chamber Nehemiah 13:7; prepare to build (+ ל‎ person and infinitive).

4 make offering, e.g. עוֺלָה‎ Judges 13:16; Jeremiah 33:18; Leviticus 16:24, וָזֶבַח עוֺלָה‎ 2 Kings 5:17 (+ ל‎ of deity), הַחַטָּאת‎ Leviticus 14:19, אִשֶּׁה‎ Numbers 15:3, 14, various offerings 1 Kings 8:64; Leviticus 9:22; Ezekiel 45:17; 46:2 +; + ׳לי‎ to ׳י‎ Leviticus 17:9 +; also with accusative of thing sacrificed (perhaps originally prepare or provide, see above) Ezekiel 43:25 (twice in verse); 46:15; Leviticus 14:30; 15:15, 30; 16:9; Numbers 6:11, 17; Psalm 66:15 (+ ל‎ of deity) +; absolute = offer sacrifice Exodus 10:25 (E + ׳לי‎), to (ל‎) heathen gods 2 Kings 17:32.

5 attend to, put in order: pare (the nails) Deuteronomy 21:12; wash (feet) 2 Samuel 19:25; trim (beard) v.19:25 (compare French faire la barbe, German die Haare machen).

6 observe, celebrate, religious festival, e.g. passover Exodus 12:48; Numbers 9:4, 6, 13; Joshua 5:10, also (+ ׳לי‎) Exodus 12:48; Numbers 9:10, 14 (all P), Deuteronomy 16:1 +; sabbath Exodus 31:16; Deuteronomy 5:15; feast of weeks 16:10, booths 16:13, Purim Esther 9:21, 27, etc.

7 acquire property of various kinds (compare 'make money') Genesis 12:5; 31:5 (J), Isaiah 15:7; Jeremiah 17:11; 48:36; Deuteronomy 8:18; Ezekiel 22:18; 28:4 (twice in verse); 38:12; 2 Chronicles 32:29; Ecclesiastes 2:8; + ל‎ reflexive Deuteronomy 8:17; 2 Samuel 15:1; 1 Kings 1:5; of fruits from vineyards, etc. Psalm 107:37.

8 appoint priests 1 Kings 12:31; 13:33; 2 Chronicles 2:17 (all + מִן‎ source), a feast 1 Kings 12:32-33, (+ ל‎ person); ordain a sacrifice Numbers 28:6, a festal day Psalm 118:24; institute, וְיִדְּעֹנִי אוֺב‎ ghost and familiar spirit 2 Kings 21:6 2 Chronicles 33:6 (compare Dr^{Deuteronomy 18:11}).

9 bring about, of ׳י‎s effecting a deliverance Exodus 14:13 (לָכֶם‎), 1 Samuel 11:13; 2 Samuel 23:10 (insert also "" 1 Chronicles 11:13 Dr), 11:12; cause, followed by clause with שֶׁ‎ Ecclesiastes 3:14.

10 use, ׳וְע לִמְלַאכְתּוֺ‎ 1 Samuel 8:16; passive Exodus 38:24.

11 spend, pass, days of life Ecclesiastes 6:12.

Niph`al₉₇ Perfect3masculine singular נַעֲשָׂה‎ Judges 16:11 +; 3 feminine singular נֶעֶשְׂתָה‎ 2 Samuel 17:23 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יֵעָשֶׂה‎ Genesis 29:26 +, 3 feminine singular with ו‎ subordinate וְתֵעָשׂ‎ Esther 5:6; 7:2; 9:12 (Ges^{§ 109} f.), etc.; Infinitive construct הֵעָשׂוֺת‎ 9:1, 14, etc., Participle נַעֲשֶׂה‎ Nehemiah 5:18, etc.; —

1 be done (passive of Qal I 1):

a. subject מְלָאכָה‎ Judges 16:11 (with ב‎ instrumental), Nehemiah 6:16 (with אֱלֹהִים מֵאֵת‎ ), 6:9; Exodus 12:16 4t.; subject omitted Ezekiel 44:14, indefinite Esther 4:1; with כֵּן‎ 9:14; be done, כַּתּוֺרָה‎ Ezra 10:3; be committed, of offence, Deuteronomy 13:15; Numbers 15:24; Ecclesiastes 4:1 3t.; with negative not (yet) done, i.e. future Isaiah 46:10; be accomplished, performed, fulfilled Ezekiel 12:35; Ezekiel 12:38; Daniel 11:36; Esther 5:5; 7:2; 9:12; be executed, carried out, of sentence Ecclesiastes 8:11, decree Esther 9:1; be followed, of counsel 2 Samuel 17:28; nearly = occur Ecclesiastes 1:9 (twice in verse); 1:13; 9:3, 6, subject מַעֲשֶׂה‎ 1:14; 2:17; 4:3; 8:9, 17, subject הֶבֶל‎ 8:14, עִנְיָן‎ 8:15.

b. Imperfect with negative, is (are) not done, not according to usage, of flagrant offences Genesis 20:9 (E), 29:26 (with כֵּן‎), 34:7 (both J), 2 Samuel 13:12 (כֵּן‎); hence (P) not to be done, forbidden by ׳י‎ Leviticus 4:2, 13, 22, 27; 5:17.

c. be done to, with ל‎ of animal 1 Samuel 11:7 (כֹּה‎); ל‎ person Exodus 2:4 (E) 21:31 (E; כַּמִּשְׁמָּט‎), Isaiah 3:11; Jeremiah 5:13 (כֹּה‎), Leviticus 24:19 (H; כֵּן‎), Numbers 15:34 (P) + 8 t.; be done for, ל‎ person Judges 11:37; Esther 6:3, עִם‎ person 6:3; ל‎ of thing Numbers 15:11 (כָּכָה‎).

d. be done upon, against (ב‎) Daniel 9:12.

2 (passive of Qal II):

a. be made, of conr. things 1 Kings 10:20 2 Chronicles 9:19 (throne), Jeremiah 3:16 (ark), 2 Kings 12:14; Ezekiel 43:18; Exodus 25:31; Numbers 4:36 (P); with accusative mat; Leviticus 2:7.

b. be produced from (מִן‎) vine Numbers 6:4.

c. be prepared, of food Exodus 12:16; Leviticus 6:14; 7:9 (all P), Nehemiah 5:18 (twice in verse).

d. be offered, מִנְחָה‎ Leviticus 2:8, 11, kid Numbers 28:15, 24.

e. be observed, passover 2 Kings 24:22; 2 Kings 24:23 (ל‎ of deity) = 2 Chronicles 35:18-19, Purim Esther 9:28.

f. be used + ל‎ of thing Leviticus 7:24 (P); 13:51 (P) Ezekiel 15:5 (twice in verse).

Pu`al Perfect1singular עֻשֵּׂיתִי‎ Psalm 139:15 I was made.

II. [עָשָׂה‎] verb Pi`el press, squeeze (Late Hebrew עִשָּׂה‎ Pi`el compel; עַסִּי ᵑ7‎ Pa`el crush, gnash (teeth); compare Arabic compress a woman); — Perfect3plural בְּתוּלִים דַּדֵּי עִשּׂוּ‎ Ezekiel 23:3, 8 (unchaste act); Infinitive construct בַּעֲשׂוֺתדַּ֗֗֗דַּיִךְ‎ 23:21 read Pi`el בְּעַשּׂוֺת‎ (Ew Co Toy, and others).