H3772. karath

כָּרַת‎₂₉₁ verb cut off, cut down (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian karâtu, II. hew off Dl^{HWB 357}); —

Qal Perfect ׳כ‎ Genesis 15:18-19t.; 2 masculine singular כָּרָ֑תָּ‎ Deuteronomy 20:20; 1singular כָּרַתִּי‎ Exodus 34:27 15t.; + 8 t. Perfect; Imperfect יִכְרֹת‎ Job 40:28 21t.; 2 masculine singular תִּכְרָתֿ‎ Isaiah 57:8; 1singular אֶכְרוֺת‎ 61:8; 1 Samuel 11:2; אֶכְרְתָה‎ Isaiah 55:3; 3masculine plural יִכְרֹ֑תוּ‎ Hosea 12:2; Psalm 83:6; 1plural נִכְרְתָה‎ Genesis 26:28; 31:44; suffix נִכְרְתֶנּוּ‎ Jeremiah 11:19; 31t. Imperfect Imperative כְּרָתֿ‎ 1 Samuel 11:1; כָּרְתָה‎ 2 Samuel 3:12; 4t. Imperative; Infinitive absolute כָּרֹת‎ Hosea 10:4; כָּרוֺת‎ Nehemiah 9:8; construct כְּרֹת‎ Jeremiah 34:8 2t.; כְּרָתֿ‎ Isaiah 44:14 2t.; כְּרוֺת‎2 Chronicles 2:7; 29:10; suffix כָּרְתִי‎ 1 Samuel 24:12; Participle active כֹּרֵת‎ Exodus 34:10 3t.; + 3 t. Participle active passive כָּרוּת‎ Leviticus 22:24; construct כְּרוּת‎ Deuteronomy 23:2; plural ת‎[וֺ‎]כְּרֻת‎ 1 Kings 7:12 3t.; —

1 cut off :

a. things: with accusative foreskin Exodus 4:25 (J); privy member Leviticus 22:24 (H) Deuteronomy 23:2; cluster of grapes Numbers 13:23-24, (E); bough of tree Judges 9:48-49, skirt 1 Samuel 24:5; 24:6; 24:12; head of man 17:51; 31:9; 2 Samuel 20:22; garments 10:4 = 1 Chronicles 19:4; palms of hands 1 Samuel 5:4; sprigs Isaiah 18:5.

b. persons, with accusative of person מִן‎ location Jeremiah 11:19; 50:16.

2 cut down, with accusative tress Deuteronomy 19:5; 20:19-20, 2 Kings 19:23 = Isaiah 37:24; 44:14; Jeremiah 6:6; 10:3; 22:7; 46:23; Ezekiel 31:12; asherim Exodus 34:13 (J) Judges 6:25-26, 30; 1 Kings 15:13 2 Chronicles 15:16; 2 Kings 18:4; 23:14

3 hew, timber 1 Kings 5:20 (twice in verse) = 2 Chronicles 2:7; 2:15; Isaiah 14:8; הָעֵצִים כֹּרְתֵי‎ hewers of timber2 Chronicles 2:9; כְּרֻת(וֺ)ת‎ hewn beams 1 Kings 6:36; 7:2, 12;

4 ׳כ בְּרִית‎ cut, or make a covenant (because of the cutting up and distribution of the flesh of the victim for eating in the sacrifice of the covenants, see בְּרִית‎); כ אֲשֶׁר ׳הָעֵגֶל‎ the calf which they cut Jeremiah 34:18 (referring to Genesis 15:10); עֲלֵיזֶֿבַח‎ Psalm 50:5; absolute Genesis 21:27, 32; 31:44 (E) 1 Samuel 18:3; 1 Kings 5:26; Hosea 10:4; with אֶת‎ with Genesis 15:18; Exodus 34:27; Deuteronomy 31:16 (J) 5:3; Deuteronomy 28:69 (twice in verse); 29:13; 2 Samuel 3:12-13, 21; 2 Kings 17:15, 35, 38; Isaiah 28:15; Jeremiah 11:10; 31:31-32, 33; 34:8, 13; Ezekiel 17:13; Zechariah 11:10; Psalm 105:9 = 1 Chronicles 16:16; with עִם‎ Genesis 26:28 (J) Exodus 24:8 (E) Deuteronomy 4:23; 5:2; 9:9; 29:11; 29:24; 1 Kings 8:21 2 Chronicles 6:11; 23:3; Nehemiah 9:8; Hosea 2:20; 12:2; Job 40:28; ׳בְּ‎ omitted 1 Samuel 20:16; 22:8; 1 Kings 8:9 2 Chronicles 5:10; with לְ‎ Exodus 23:32; 34:12, 15; Joshua 9:6-7, 11, 15, 16; 24:25 (JE) Deuteronomy 7:2; Judges 2:2; 1 Samuel 11:1; 2 Samuel 5:3; 1 Kings 20:34; 2 Kings 11:4; 1 Chronicles 11:3; 2 Chronicles 21:7; 29:10; Ezra 10:3; Isaiah 55:3; 61:8; Jeremiah 32:40; Ezekiel 34:25; 37:26; Job 31:1; Psalm 89:4; ׳בְּ‎ omitted 1 Samuel 11:2; 2 Chronicles 7:18; נֶגֶד‎ Exodus 34:10 (J); לִפְנֵי‎ 1 Samuel 23:18; 2 Kings 23:3 2 Chronicles 34:31; Jeremiah 34:15, 18; וּבֵין בֵּין‎ 2 Kings 11:17; 2 Chronicles 23:16; with עַל‎ against, Psalm 83:6; אֲמָנָה‎ is used for ברית‎ Nehemiah 10:1; and דָּבָר‎ Haggai 2:5.

Note. — מֵהֶם וַתִּכְרָתלָֿךְ‎ Isaiah 57:8 is usually rendered as RV made for thee a covenant with them, with ellipsis of ׳בּ‎ as above. But מִן‎ is not used in such a construction. The clause is commonly regarded as corrupt by recent critics. Gr emends עִמָּהֶם‎ for מֵהֶם‎, this is easiest and gives the usual construction; Du followed by Buhl, reads וַתִּכְרִי‎ after Hosea 3:2.

Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נִכְרַת‎ Joel 1:5 5t.; נִכְרָ֑ת‎ 1:16 2t.; 3 feminine singular נִכְרְתָה‎ Genesis 17:14 16t.; נִכְרָ֑תָה‎ Psalm 37:38; 2masculine singular נִכְרַתָּ‎ Obadiah 10; 8t. Perfect; Imperfect יִכָרֵת‎ Genesis 9:11 21t.; יִכָּֽרֶתֿ‎ Obadiah 9; 3masculine plural יִכָּֽרְתוּ‎ Zechariah 13:8; יִכָּרֵת֑וּן‎ Joshua 3:13; Psalm 37:9; 9t. Imperfect; Infinitive הִכָּרֵת‎ Numbers 15:31; Psalm 37:34. —

1 be cut off:

a. of things, forward tongue Proverbs 10:31; burden from a nail Isaiah 22:25; chariots Zechariah 9:10; dwelling Zephaniah 3:7.

b. of persons, the people of the land by a famine (בְּ‎) Genesis 41:36 (E); all flesh by waters of deluge (מִמֵּי‎) 9:11 (P); the anointed Daniel 9:26; enemies Isaiah 11:13; Micah 5:8; the wicked Isaiah 29:20; Hosea 8:4; Nahum 2:1; Psalm 37:9; 37:22; 37:28; 37:34; 37:38; Proverbs 2:22; others Obadiah 9, 10; Zephaniah 1:11; Zechariah 13:8; 14:2.

c. in the technical phrases of H and P ההיא הַנֶּפֶשׁ וְנִכְרְתָה‎ that person shall be cut off (by death penalty) מֵעַמֶּיהָ‎ Genesis 17:14; Leviticus 7:20-21, 25, 27; Numbers 9:13; Leviticus 19:8; מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל‎ Exodus 12:15; Numbers 19:13; יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵעֲדַת‎ Exodus 12:19; עַמֶּיהָ מִקֶּרֶב‎ 31:14; Numbers 15:30; (עַמָּהּ‎); מִלְּפָנַי‎ Leviticus 22:3; הַקָּהָל מִתּוֺךְ‎ Numbers 19:20; similarly with variation of subject Exodus 30:33, 38; Leviticus 17:4, 9; 18:29; 20:18; 23:29, and with omission of word with מִן‎ 17:14; 20:17; Numbers 15:31 (twice in verse).

2 be cut down, a tree Job 14:7.

3 be chewed between the teeth Numbers 11:33 (J).

4 be cut off, in a more General sense, fail: of waters Joshua 3:13, 16 (JE) 4:7 (twice in verse) (D); new wine Joel 1:5; meat 1:16; hope Proverbs 23:18; 24:14; a name Isaiah 48:19; 56:5; Ruth 4:10; a sign Isaiah 55:13; faithfulness Jeremiah 7:28; לְ יִכָּרֵת ׳לֹא אִישׁ‎ there shall not fail thee a man 1 Kings 2:4; 8:25 2 Chronicles 6:16; 1 Kings 9:5 2 Chronicles 7:18; Jeremiah 33:17-18, 35:19; מן יכרת לא‎ there shall not fail of Joshua 9:23 (J) 2 Samuel 3:29.

Pual Perfect כָּרַּת‎ Ezekiel 16:4; 3feminine singular כֹּרָ֑תָה‎ Judges 6:28; —

1 be cut off, navel string Ezekiel 16:4.

2 be cut down, Asherah Judges 6:28.

Hiph`il Perfect הִכְרִית‎ 1 Samuel 28:9; 1 Kings 11:16; 3feminine singular הִכְרִיתָה‎ Leviticus 26:22; 1singular הִכְרַתִּי‎ Joshua 23:4 32t.; + 4 t. Perfect; Imperfect יַכְרִית‎ Deuteronomy 12:29 2t.; jussive יַכְרֵת‎ Psalm 12:4 4t.; 1 singular וָאַכְרִ֫תָה‎ 2 Samuel 7:9; 1plural suffix וְנַכְרִיתֶנָּה‎ Jeremiah 48:2; 9t. Imperfect; Infinitive הַכְרִית‎ 44:8 15t.; הַכְרִת‎ 1 Samuel 20:15; + suffix 2t. —

1 cut off, flattering lips Psalm 12:4.

2 cut off, destroy the life of:

a. animals with accusative, cattle Leviticus 26:22 (H); with accusative and מִן‎ frogs Exodus 8:5 (J); horses Micah 5:9; Zechariah 9:10.

b. of men abs. Psalm 109:13, by men, with accusative enemies Judges 4:24; 1 Samuel 24:22; 1 Kings 11:16; 14:14; 18:4; 2 Chronicles 22:7; Isaiah 10:7; Ezekiel 17:17; Obadiah 14; with accusative and מִן‎ enemies Joshua 11:21; Jeremiah 48:2; the wicked Psalm 101:8; a clan Numbers 4:18 (P); young men by death Jeremiah 9:20; people by the sword Nahum 3:15; necromancers 1 Samuel 28:9; the name Joshua 7:9.

c. of men, by God with accucusative. (הַ)גּוֺיִם‎ Deuteronomy 19:1; Joshua 23:4 (D) Zephaniah 3:6; various persons and things Isaiah 48:9; Jeremiah 44:11; 51:62; Ezekiel 25:16; 30:15; Zechariah 9:6; with accusative and מִן‎ Ezekiel 25:7; Amos 1:5, 8; 2:3; מֵאֶרֶץ‎ Nahum 2 :14; Psalm 34:17 = 109:15; מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל‎ Isaiah 9:13; מִיַּד‎ Micah 5:11; מִמָּנֶיךָ‎ Deuteronomy 12:29; 2 Samuel 7:9 = 1 Chronicles 17:8; הָאֲדָמָה מְּנֵי מֵעַל‎ 1 Samuel 20:15; 1 Kings 9:7; Zephaniah 1:3; עַמּוֺ מִקֶּרֶב‎ Leviticus 17:10; 20:3, 5, 6 (H); עַמִּי מִתּוֺךְ‎ Ezekiel 14:8; Ezekiel says also וּבְהֵמָה אָ֗֗֗דָם ׳הכ מִן‎ 14:13, 17, 19, 21; 25:13; 29:8; ורשׁע צדיק‎ 21:8; 21:9; ושׁב עבר‎ 35:7; with accusative and לְ‎ cutt off, to, or from Isaiah 14:22; Jeremiah 44:7-8, 47:4; ׳כ ׳לְ בְּקִיר מַשְׁתִּין‎ 1 Kings 14:10; 21:21; 2 Kings 9:8; ׳כ ׳ל מזבח מעם‎ 1 Samuel 2:33; י ׳יַכְרֵת יַעֲקֹב מֵאָֽהֳלֵי לָאִישׁ‎ Malachi 2:12 may Yahweh cut off to the man — from the tents of Jacob.

3 cut down, destroy, cities Micah 5:10, sun-pillars Leviticus 26:30 (H); and other things used in idolartry Nahum 1:14; Zephaniah 1:4; הארץ מן‎ Zechariah 13:2; מִקֶּרֶב‎ Micah 5:12.

4 take away, מֵעִם חֶסֶד‎ kindness from 1 Samuel 20:15.

5 permit to perish, מֵהַבְּהֵמָה‎ (some) of the cattle 1 Kings 18:5.

Hoph`al Perfect י מִבֵּית וָנֶסֶךְ מִנְחָה ׳הָכְרַת‎ Joel 1:9.