H2388. chazaq

חָזַק‎₂₉₁ verb be or grow firm, strong, strengthen (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic חֲזַק‎ bind on or about, gird on, compare Arabic bind, squeeze) —

Qal Perfect ׳ח‎ Genesis 41:57 4t.; חָזָק֑‎2 Chronicles 26:15; suffix חֲזָקוֺ‎28:20, etc.; Imperfect יֶהֱז֑ק‎28:7 (Baer) + 2 t.; וַיֶּחֱזַק‎ Genesis 41:56 +; יֶחֶזְקוּ‎ 2 Samuel 10:11 2t.; יֶחְזְקוּ‎ Isaiah 28:22; Imperative חֲזַק‎ Deuteronomy 12:23 +; חִזְקוּ‎ 31:6 +; Infinitive construct לְחָזְקָה‎ 2 Kings 12:13; suffix לְחָזְקָהּ‎ Ezekiel 30:21; Participle חָזֵק‎ Exodus 19:19; 2 Samuel 3:1, etc.; — I. intransitive be or grow strong: —

1. a. of physical strength of hands Judges 7:11; 2 Samuel 2:7; 16:21; Ezekiel 22:14; Zechariah 8:9, 13 (on Ezekiel 3:14 see below); of arm, followed by infinitive 30:21; used of recovery from illness Isaiah 39:1; followed by מִן‎ of comparison over power 1 Samuel 17:50 (with בְּ‎ instrumental), 2 Samuel 13:14.

b. of people, army Deuteronomy 11:8; Joshua 17:13 (JE), = Judges 1:28; Ezra 9:12; followed by מִן‎ comparative be stronger than, too strong for, prevail against 2 Samuel 10:11 (twice in verse) = 1 Chronicles 19:12 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 20:23, 25; id., followed by accusative 16:22, compare of ׳י‎ as prevailing over man Jeremiah 20:7 ("" יָכֹל‎); followed by על‎2 Chronicles 8:3; 27:5.

c. of royal power וְהָזֵק הֹלֵךְ וְדָוִד‎ 2 Samuel 3:1 (opposed to וְדַלִּים הֹלְכִים‎); compare 2 Chronicles 26:15 ("" חֶזְקָה‎ 26:16), Daniel 11:5a.

d. prevail over, upon, of word of king 2 Samuel 24:4 (followed by אֶלֿ‎) = 1 Chronicles 21:4 (followed by עַל‎).

e. of bonds Isaiah 28:22.

f. of sound of trumpet מְאֹד וְהָזֵק הוֺלֵךְ‎ Exodus 19:19 (E, compare חָזָק‎ 19:16) it grew much louder and louder.

2 be firm, fast: —

a. literally be caught fast, of Absalom's head 2 Samuel 18:9 (followed by בְּ‎).

b. be firm, secure, of a kingdom 2 Kings 14:5 ( + בְּיָדוֺ‎) = 2 Chronicles 25:3 ( + עָלָיו‎). Oftener

c. be firm = courageous, confident, especially Imperative, usually "" אמץ‎ (q. v.), Deuteronomy 31:6-7, 23; Joshua 1:6-7, 9, 18; 10:25; 23:6 (all D), 2 Samuel 10:12; 13:28; 1 Kings 2:2; 1 Chronicles 19:13 ("" התחזק‎), 22:13; 28:10, 20; 2 Chronicles 15:7; 19:11; 32:7; Ezra 10:4; Psalm 27:14; Psalm 31:25; Isaiah 35:4; 41:6; Haggai 2:4 (3 t. in verse); Daniel 10:19 (twice in verse); followed byלַמִּלְחָמָה‎2 Chronicles 25:8.

d. hold firmly to, devote oneself to, followed by בְּ‎2 Chronicles 31:4.

e. followed by Infinitive be firm not to eat blood, i.e. firmly refrain from it Deuteronomy 12:23, compare 1 Chronicles 28:7.

3 press, be urgent, followed by עַל‎ + Infinitive Exodus 12:33 (E); followed by עַל‎ of hand of ׳י‎ in prophetic ecstasy Ezekiel 3:14 (ᵐ5‎ Co read חֲזָקָה‎, adjective, see חָזָק‎).

4 in bad sense:

a. grow stout, rigid, hard, with idea of perversity, of Pharaoh's heart Exodus 7:13, 22; 8:15 (all P), 9:35 (R); compare דבריכם עָלַי חזקו‎ Malachi 3:13.

b. be severe, grievous, of battle 2 Kings 3:26; of famine Genesis 41:56-57, (E), 47:20 (J; followed by על‎), 2 Kings 25:3 = Jeremiah 52:6.

II. transitive only חֲזֶקוֺ לֹא‎2 Chronicles 28:20 strengthened him not, but text very dubious ("" לוֺ וַיָצַר‎).

Pi`el Perfect חִזַּק‎ Psalm 147:13 +, etc.; Imperfect וַיְחַזֵּק‎ Exodus 9:12 10t., etc.; Imperative חַזֵּק‎ Nehemiah 6:9 2t.; feminine singular חַזְּקִי‎ Nahum 3:14; חַזֵּ֑קִי‎ Isaiah 54:2 etc.; Infinitive construct חַזֵּק‎ 2 Kings 12:9 12t.; Participle מְחַזֵּק‎ Exodus 14:17; מְחַזְּקִים‎ 2 Kings 12:9; —

1 make strong (physically):

a. followed by accusative of person Judges 16:28; followed by על‎ 3:12; followed by מָתְנַיִם‎ Nahum 2:2 ("" כֹּחַ אַמֵּץ‎; of personified people).

b. = restore to strength Daniel 10:18-19, to health Ezekiel 34:4, 16; with לְ‎ give strength to 1 Chronicles 29:12; so, followed by זְרוֺעֹתָם‎, Hosea 7:15; Ezekiel 30:24 (and 30:25 Co, see Hiph`il)

c. followed by accusative of thing Isaiah 41:7; Jeremiah 10:4 (both with בְּ‎ instrumental; of manufacture of idols); of strengthening tent-pegs, in metaphor Isaiah 54:4, compare 33:23; followed by bars of gates Psalm 147:13; often of making strong, fortifying a town, etc. Nahum 3:14; 2 Chronicles 11:11-12, 26:9; 32:5; = repair (wall, object not expressed) Nehemiah 3:19 see Hiph`il; with accusative of temple 2 Kings 12:6; 12:7; 12:15; 22:6; 2 Chronicles 24:5, 12; 29:3; 34:8, compare 34:10 ("" לִבְדּוֺק‎); followed by י ׳לְבית‎ 1 Chronicles 26:27; object breaches (accusative) 2 Kings 12:8; 12:9; 12:13; 22:5.

d. of establishing kingdom2 Chronicles 11:17.

2 strengthen the hands (accusative) of any one, i.e. sustain, encourage (opposed to רִמָּה‎) Judges 9:24; Jeremiah 23:14; Ezekiel 13:22; Isaiah 35:3; Job 4:3; Ezra 6:22; Nehemiah 2:18; 6:9; 2 Chronicles 29:34; ׳וַיְח בֵּאלהים ידו‎ 1 Samuel 23:16; followed by בְּ‎ Ezra 1:6 ( + בְּ‎ instrumental)

3 make strong = bold, encourage, with accusative Deuteronomy 1:38; 3:28; 2 Samuel 11:5; Isaiah 41:7; with accusative of person + י בֵּית ׳לַעֲבֹדַת‎2 Chronicles 35:2.

4 make firm: —

a. with 2 accusative אֲחַוְּקֶנּוּ וְאַבְנֵטְךָ‎ Isaiah 22:21 and with thy sash (of office) will I make him firm, i.e. bind it firmly about him ("" הלבישׁ‎).

b. make firm or fixed, = definitely adopt רָע דָּבָר לָמוֺ ֿ׳יח‎ Psalm 64:6.

5 make rigid, hard, i.e. perverse, obstinate, harden (the heart of any one) Exodus 4:21; 10:20, 27 (all E), 9:12; 11:10; 14:4, 8, 17 (all P), Joshua 11:20 (D); see also ׳ח מִסֶּלַע פניהם‎ Jeremiah 5:3 .

Hiph`il₁₁₈ Perfect הֶחֱזִיק‎ Judges 7:8 +; 3 feminine singular הֶחֱזִ֫יקָה‎ Jeremiah 49:24 +; suffix הֶחֱזִקָ֑תְנִי‎ 8:21; הֶחֱזַ֫קָתִּי‎ Nehemiah 5:16 3t.; וְהַחֲזַקְתִּ֫י‎ Ezekiel 30:23, etc.; Imperfect יַחֲזִיק‎ Job 8:15 2t.; 1 singular וְאַחְזֵק‎ Isaiah 42:6; יַחֲזִיקוּ‎ Jeremiah 6:23 2t.; יַחֲזִקוּ‎ Daniel 11:32, etc.; Imperative הַחֲזֵק‎ 2 Samuel 11:25 2t., etc.; Infinitive construct הַחֲזִיק‎ 2 Kings 15:19; Isaiah 64:6; suffix הֶחֱזִיקִי‎ Jeremiah 31:32 (׳הַח‎ Manuscript Petrop. see RS^{JPh xvi, 1888, 73}); Participle מַחֲזִיק‎ Exodus 9:2 9t.; suffix מַחֲזִקָהּ‎ Daniel 11:6; feminine singular מַחֲזֶקֶת‎ Nehemiah 4:11; plural מַחֲזִיקִים‎ 4:10 5t.; construct מַחֲוִיקֵי‎ Ezekiel 27:9, 27; —

1. a. make strong, strengthen Jeremiah 51:12.

b. make firm, the kingdom 2 Kings 15:19 ( + בְּיָדוֺ‎).

c. display strength (late) 2 Chronicles 26:8 ("" וגו עַד שְׁמוֺ ׳וַיֵלֶךְ‎), Daniel 11:32 ("" וְעָשׂוּ‎).

2 make severe, of battle 2 Samuel 11:25.

3 followed by יד‎ = support Ezekiel 16:49; followed by זְרוֺעוֺת‎ 30:25 (subject ׳י‎; but Co reads

Pi`el as Ezekiel 30:24) .

4 = repair, walls of Jerusalem, Nehemiah 3:4 (3 t. in verse) + 31 t. Nehemiah 3; compare (in General) participle used substantively בדקף מחזיקי‎ Ezekiel 27:9, 27 of Tyre and her ships ("" מַלָּחִים‎, etc.)

5 prevail, absolute Daniel 11:7; followed by עַל‎ Job 18:9; prevail upon to ׳הח לֶאֱכֹל בּוֺ‎ 2 Kings 4:8.

6 especially take or keep hold of, seize, grasp:

a. take hold of, seize, catch, followed by בְּ‎ Genesis 19:4(J), 21:18(E), Exodus 4:4 (J; "" אחז‎), Judges 7:20; 1 Samuel 15:27; 2 Samuel 1:11; 1 Kings 1:50; 2:28; 2 Kings 2:12; 4:27; Isaiah 4:1; Zechariah 8:23 (twice in verse); Proverbs 7:13; 26:17, compare also Judges 19:25, 29; 2 Chronicles 28:15; with violence Deuteronomy 22:25; 25:11; 1 Samuel 17:35 (perhaps of consecutive frequently, see Dr), 2 Samuel 2:16; 13:11; followed by לְ‎ 15:5; figurative take hold in order to lead one (subject ׳י‎) followed by בְּ‎ Jeremiah 31:32, c accusative Isaiah 41:9, 13; compare 51:18 (בְּ‎; "" נֵהֵל‎); followed by accusative Nahum 3:14 take hold of the brick-mould, Jeremiah 6:23 = 50:42, Zechariah 14:13 (with violence), Psalm 35:2; Nehemiah 4:10; 4:11, seize the kingdom Daniel 11:21; in metaphor Micah 4:9 (חִיל הֶחֱזִיקֵךְ‎), Jeremiah 6:24; 8:21; 49:24 (see Gie), 50:43; of pious laying hold of ׳י‎, followed by בְּ‎ Isaiah 64:6; compare 27:5; 56:2, 4, 6; of other gods 1 Kings 9:9 2 Chronicles 7:22; laying hold of wisdom Proverbs 3:18, compare 4:13; Job 2:3, 9; 27:6; Jeremiah 8:5.

b. have or keep hold of, followed by בְּ‎ Judges 16:26; 2 Samuel 3:29; Jeremiah 50:33; Nehemiah 4:15.

c. hold up, followed by בְּ‎, figurative = sustain, support Leviticus 25:35; of ׳י‎ holding his servants Isaiah 42:6; 45:1, compare Job 8:20; see also participle used substantively Daniel 11:1 ("" מָעוֺז‎), 11:6 ("" יֹלֵד מֵבִיא,‎); of Nehemiah holding fast to his (בְּ‎) his work Nehemiah 5:16; compare of wicked, holding to his house Job 8:15; cleave or cling to (על‎) one's brethren Nehemiah 10:30. hence

c. keep, retain, followed by בְּ‎ Exodus 9:2 (J), Judges 7:8; 19:4; so Ezekiel 7:13 Sm Co (ᵑ0‎ Hithpa`el); followed by anger (accusative) Micah 7:18.

d. hence also hold, contain, followed by accusative 2 Chronicles 4:5.

Hithpa`el (especially Chronicles) Perfect הִתְחַזַּק‎2 Chronicles 13:7 3t., etc., Imperfect וַיִּתְחַוֵּק‎ Genesis 48:2 7t.; וַיִּתְחַזַּק‎2 Chronicles 21:4; 32:5; יִתְחַזָּ֑קוּ‎ Ezekiel 7:13 (but Sm Co read Hiph`il), etc.; Imperative הִתְחַוַּק‎ 1 Kings 20:22; הִתְחַזְּקוּ‎ 1 Samuel 4:9; Infinitive construct לְהִתְחַזֵּק‎2 Chronicles 13:8; 16:9; Participle מִתְחַזֵּק‎ 2 Samuel 3:6; Daniel 10:21; plural מִתְחַזְּקִים‎ 1 Chronicles 11:10; —

1 strengthen oneself 2 Samuel 3:6; 1 Kings 20:22; 2 Chronicles 1:1; 12:13; 13:21; 21:4; 23:1; 25:11; 27:6; followed by עַל‎ against17:1; gain strength Ezra 7:28; Daniel 10:19, compare ׳הִתְח ביהוה‎ 1 Samuel 30:6; figurative= take courage2 Chronicles 15:8.

2 put forth strength, use one's strength Genesis 48:2 (i.e. he exerted himself, he sat up by a great effort), Numbers 13:20 Judges 20:22; 1 Samuel 4:9; 2 Samuel 10:12; 1 Chronicles 19:13; 2 Chronicles 32:5.

3 followed by לִפְנֵי‎ withstand2 Chronicles 13:7-8,.

4 followed by עִם‎ hold strongly with 1 Chronicles 11:10; Daniel 10:21, compare of ׳להתח אֵלָיו שָׁלֵם לְבָבָם עִם ׳י,‎2 Chronicles 16:9. — For יִתְחַזָּ֑קו‎ Ezekiel 7:13 read Hiph`il, see Sm Co Da.