H1285. berith

בְּרִית‎₂₈₅ noun feminine covenant ("" Aramaic קְיָם‎, διαθήκη; constitutio) — ׳ב‎ Genesis 9:13 199t.; suffix בְּרִיתִי‎ 6:18 50t.; בְּרִיתְךָ‎ Deuteronomy 33:9; בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ‎ Psalm 44:18 11t.; בְּרִיתְכֶם‎ Isaiah 28:18; בְּרִיתֵךְ‎ Ezekiel 16:61; בְּרִיתוֺ‎ Exodus 2:24 18t.; — pact, compact, covenant.

I. between men.

1 trety, alliance, league: Abraham and Amorites Genesis 14:13; Edom and its allies Obadiah 7; with Philistines 21:27, 32 (E) 26:28 (J); Jacob and Laban 31:44 (J); Joshua and Gibeonites Joshua 9:6-7, 11, 15, 16 (J); Israel and Canaanites Exodus 23:32; 34:12, 15 (JE) Deuteronomy 7:2; Judges 2:2; Ammonites and Jabesh 1 Samuel 11:1; Solomon and Hiram 1 Kings 5:26; Ahab and Benhadad 1 Kings 20:34; Syria and Israel 15:19 2 Chronicles 16:3; Nebuchadnezzar and Zedekiah Ezekiel 17:13-19; nations against Israel Psalm 83:6; nations with Egypt Ezekiel 30:5; Ephraim and Assyria Hosea 12:2; Judah and Israel Ezekiel 16:61; Judah and Tyre Amos 1:9; Assyria and Judah Isaiah 33:8; ברית נגיד‎ a prince in league (with him) Daniel 11:22 (so He Ew; Hi Meinh Bev reference to high priest Onias III, & translate prince of covenant, compare AV RV); figurative, with death Isaiah 28:15, 18; with stones of the field Job 5:23.

2 constitution, ordinance, between monarch and subjects: David and Abner 2 Samuel 3:12-13, 21; David and the elders of Israel 5:3 = 1 Chronicles 11:3; Zedekiah and his people Jeremiah 34:8-18; hostile prince and Israelites Daniel 9:27.

3 agreement, pledge: Jehoiada and captains 2 Kings 11:4 2 Chronicles 23:1; with onself Job 31:1; with Leviathan to be a servant Job 40:28; between man and man Hosea 10:4 compare ברית בעל‎ Judges 8:33; 9:4 = ברית אל‎ 9:46.

4 alliance of friendship between David and Jonathan 1 Samuel 18:3; 20:8; 23:18 compare Psalm 55:21.

5 alliance of marriage Proverbs 2:17; Malachi 2:14. — In all cases ברית כרת‎ is the technical phrase for making covenant except Jeremiah 34:10 בברית באו‎; Daniel 9:27 לְ ברית הגביר‎. Various prepositions are used, most often לְ‎ Exodus 23:32 +, but also עִם‎ Genesis 26:28 +, אֵת‎ 2 Samuel 3:12 +, בֵּין‎2 Chronicles 16:3.

II. between God and man.

1 alliance of friendship ("" סוֺד‎) Psalm 25:14.

2 covenant, as a divine constitution or ordinance with signs or pledges (see אוֺת‎).

a. with Noah Genesis 9:9-17 (P) Isaiah 54:10; Jeremiah 33:20, 25; a divine promise that there would be no other deluge.

b. with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob Genesis 15:18 (J) 17:2-21 Exodus 2:24; 6:4-5, Leviticus 26:42 (P) 2 Kings 13:23; 1 Chronicles 16:15 = Psalm 105:8; 105:10; Nehemiah 9:8; Jeremiah 34:18; a promise to multiply their seed, give them the land of Canaan, and make them a blessing to the nations.

c. with Israel at Sinai = Horeb, with a covenant sacrifice Exodus 19:5; 24:7-8, (E) 34:10, 27, 28 (J) 31:16; Leviticus 2:13 (P) 24:8; 26:9, 15, 25, 44, 45 (H) Deuteronomy 4:13; renewed in plains of Moab Deuteronomy 28:69; with blessings and curses 29:20; frequently referred to in other books 2 Chronicles 34:32; Psalm 25:10; 44:18; 50:5; 50:16; 74:20; 78:10; 78:37; 103:18; 106:45; 111:5; 111:9; Isaiah 56:4, 6; Jeremiah 1:2-3, 6, 8, 10; 14:21; 22:9; 31:32; Ezekiel 16:8, 59, 60; 44:7; Daniel 9:4; 11:28, 30, 32; Hosea 6:7; 8:1; Zechariah 9:11; 11:10; a divine constitution given to Israel with promises on condition of obedience and penalties for disobendience, in the form of tables of the covenant Deuteronomy 9:9, 11, 15, inscribed with the ten words, placed in ברית(י ׅ׳ארון‎ the ark of the covenant Numbers 10:33 40t. (see ארון‎; in 1 Samuel 4:3-4, (twice in verse); 4:5 omits ברית‎ after ᵐ5 ארון‎ We Dr); set forth in הברית דברי‎ words of the covenant Exodus 34:28 (J) Deuteronomy 28:69; Deuteronomy 29:8; 2 Kings 23:3 (= 2 Chronicles 34:31) Jeremiah 11:2-8; written in הברית ספר‎ the book of the covenant Exodus 24:7 (E compare 34:27 J) 2 Kings 23:2, 21 (compare 2 Chronicles 34:30).

d. with Phinehas Numbers 25:12-13, (P), a constitution, establishing an everlasting priesthood in his line; compare הכהנים ברית‎ Nehemiah 13:29 & הלוי ברית‎ Malachi 2:4, 8.

e. with Joshua and Israel Joshua 24:25 (E), an ordinance or constitutional agreement to serve Yahweh only.

f. with David Psalm 89:4; 89:29; 89:34; 89:39; 132:12; Jeremiah 33:21 (compare 2 Samuel 7 = 1 Chronicles 17); a divine promise to the seed of David of an everlasting kingdom, the relation of sonship, and the superintendence of the temple (compare Psalms 2..)

g. Jehoiada and the people 2 Kings 11:17 2 Chronicles 23:3, a constitutional agreement to be the people of Yahweh.

h. Hezekiah and the people2 Chronicles 29:10, a constitutional agreement to reform the worship.

i. Josiah and the people 2 Kings 23:3, a constitutional agreement to obey the book of the covenant.

j. Ezra and the people Ezra 10:3, a constitutional agreement to put away foreign wives and observe the Law.

k. the prophetic covenant, a divine promise through a series of prophets to establish a new constitution חדשׁה ברית‎ Jeremiah 31:31, with new institutions and precepts Isaiah 42:6; 49:8; 55:3; 59:21; 61:8; Jeremiah 31:31, 33; 32:40; 50:5; Ezekiel 16:60, 62; 20:37; 34:25; 37:26; Hosea 2:20. In Isa² the Messianic servant is עם ברית‎ Isaiah 42:6; 49:8, compare הברית מלאך‎ Malachi 3:1.

III. Phrases.

1 covenant making: ברית כרת‎ Genesis 15:18; Exodus 34:10, 27 (J) Joshua 24:25 (E) Deuteronomy 5:2-3, Deuteronomy 28:69; 29:13; 29:24; 1 Kings 5:26; 2 Kings 11:17; 17:35, 38; 23:3; 2 Chronicles 21:7; 23:3, 16; 29:10; 34:30; Ezra 10:3; Nehemiah 9:8; Psalm 50:5; 89:4; Isaiah 55:3; 61:8; Jeremiah 11:10; 31:31-32, 33; 32:40; 34:13; Ezekiel 34:25; 37:26; Hosea 2:20; ברית הקים‎ establish a covenant Genesis 6:18; 9:9, 11, 17; 17:7, 19, 21; Exodus 6:4 (P) Ezekiel 16:60, 62, but confirm covenant Leviticus 26:9 (?;H) Deuteronomy 8:18; ברית נתן‎ Genesis 17:2; Numbers 25:12 (P); ברית שׂם‎ 2 Samuel 23:5 (poetry); בברית עבר‎ Deuteronomy 29:11; בברית בא‎2 Chronicles 15:12; Ezekiel 16:8; ברית צוה‎ Psalm 111:9; פי על ברית נשׂא‎ 50:16. (compare further on these Dr^{J Ph xi. 1882, 210 ff.})

2 covenant keeping: on the part of man ברית שׁמר‎ 1 Kings 11:11; Nehemiah 1:5; 9:32; Psalm 78:10; 103:18; 132:12; Daniel 9:4, ברית נצר‎ Deuteronomy 33:9; Psalm 25:10, בברית מחזיקים‎ Isaiah 56:4, 6; on the part of God ברית זכר‎ Genesis 9:15-16, Exodus 2:24; 6:5 (all P), Leviticus 26:42 (3 t. in verse) (H; on suffix compare Di Ges^{§ 128}, 1 R b) 26:45 (H) Psalm 105:8; 106:45; 111:5; 1 Chronicles 16:15; Ezekiel 16:15, 60. Thus we have נאמנת‎ Psalm 89:29; עולם ברית‎ Genesis 9:16; 17:7, 13, 18, 19; Exodus 31:16; Leviticus 24:8; Numbers 18:19; 25:13 (P) 2 Samuel 23:5 (poetry) 1 Chronicles 16:17 (= Psalm 105:10) Isaiah 24:5; 55:3; 61:8; Jeremiah 32:40; 50:5; Ezekiel 16:60; 37:26; מלח ברית‎ Leviticus 2:13; 2 Chronicles 13:5; 21:7 (a cov't. with sacrificial meal and salt; on cov't. with salt in Arabia compare We^{Skizzen iii. 124}); שׁלום ברית‎ Numbers 25:12 (P) Isaiah 54:10; Ezekiel 34:25; 37:26; והחסד הברית‎ Deuteronomy 7:9, 12; 1 Kings 8:23 (= 2 Chronicles 6:14) Nehemiah 1:5; 9:32; Daniel 9:4; קדשׁ ברית‎ 11:28, 30; הברית מסרת‎ Ezekiel 20:37.

3 covenant violation: ברית עבר‎ Deuteronomy 17:2; Joshua 7:11, 15; 23:16 (D) Judges 2:20; 2 Kings 18:12; Hosea 6:7; 8:1; ברית הפר‎ Genesis 17:14; Leviticus 26:15, 44 (H) Deuteronomy 31:16, 20 (J) Judges 2:1; Isaiah 24:5 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 11:10; 14:21; 31:32; 33:20-21, Ezekiel 16:59; 17:18-19, 44:7; Zechariah 11:10; ברית עזב‎ 1 Kings 19:10, 14; Jeremiah 22:9; Daniel 11:30; ברית מאס‎ 2 Kings 17:15; ברית נאר‎ Psalm 89:39; ברית חלל‎ 89:34; Malachi 2:10; בברית שׁקר‎ Psalm 44:18; ברית שׁכח‎ Deuteronomy 4:23, 31; Jeremiah 50:5.

בְּרוֺת בְּרוֺשׁ,‎ see below ברשׁ‎.

בָּרוּת‎ see below I. ברה‎.

בֵּרֹתי בֵּרוֺ֫תָה,‎ see below באר‎.

ברז‎ (? compare Aramaic כרז‎ bore, pierce, or Arabic , appear).