H854. eth

II. אֵת‎, preposition with — with makkeph אֶתֿ‎, with suffix אִתְּכֶם אִתְּךָ, אִתִּי,‎ etc. (also, however, אוֺתוֺ אוֺתְךָ,‎, and similarly מֵאוֺתוֺ מֵאוֺתְךָ,‎ etc.), first in Joshua 10:25; 14:12, next 2 Samuel 24:24; then repeatedly (but not exclusively) 1 Kings 20 — 2 Kings 8, & in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, e.g. 1 Kings 20:25 (but 20:23 אִתָּם‎) 22:7-8, 24 (beside מֵאִתִּי‎) 2 Kings 1:15; 3:11-12, 26; 6:16 (beside מֵאִתּוֺ‎) 8:8; Jeremiah 2:35; 10:5; 16:8; 19:10; 20:11; Ezekiel 2:6; 10:17; 23:23; 37:26 (see below 1d; also Isaiah 59:21, contr. Genesis 17:4: on אֹתָהּ שָׁכַב‎ 34:2 and elsewhere, see below שָׁכַב‎, & compare Dr^{Sm ii. 13, 14}) preposition denoting

proximity (synonym עִם‎; Phoenician את‎, e.g. CIS^{i. 3, 8} רפאם את משכב לם יכן לא‎ let there not be for them a resting-place with the shades; Assyrian itti (perhaps akin to ittu 'side,' Dl^{Pr 115} Hpt KAT^{2. 498}; but compare Nö^{ZMG '86, 738 f.}). Not found as yet in the other cognate languages: but compare Ethiopic 'enta, towards, which supports the view; that אֵת‎ is for 'int [compare תִּתִּי תֵּת,‎], perhaps from √ אנה‎ to meet Ol^{p. 431} Prät^{ZMG '73, 643} Lag^{M i. 226}).

1 Of companionship, together with: Genesis 6:13 behold, I destroy them אֶתהָֿאָרֶץ‎ together with the earth, 11:31; 12:4 +?verbs of dwelling, abiding, going, etc., as Judges 1:3; 14:11; 19:4, & in the phrase אִתּוֺ אֲשֶׁר הָעָם‎ 4:13; 7:1; 9:33, 48; 1 Samuel 14:20; 30:4 etc.; thou, and thy sons ֗֗֗ ׃ אִתָּֽךְ‎ with thee Genesis 6:18; similarly (3rd person) 7:7, 13; 8:18; 9:8 and elsewhere (character of P: Dr^{Intr 124}); אֶתהָֿאֱלֹהִים הִתְהַלֵּךְ‎ to walk with God, i.e. to have him as a companion (that is, by adopting a course of life pleasing to him) 5:22, 24; 6:9 (compare אֵת הִתְהַלֵּךְ‎ literal 1 Samuel 25:15); — by the side of, like Isaiah 45:9, equally with Leviticus 26:39, in common with Jeremiah 23:28b (compare עִם‎ 1e, f). Hence, in particular —

a. with for the purpose of help: Numbers 14:9 ׳וי אִתָּנוּ‎, Joshua 14:12 (אוֺתִי‎, as Jeremiah 20:11) Judges 1:19; 2 Kings 6:16; 9:32 מִי אִתִּי מִי‎ who is on my side, who ? אֲנִי אִתְּךָ כִּי‎ Isaiah 43:5; Jeremiah 1:18-19, +; Isaiah 63:3; Psalm 12:5 our lips are with us, on our side; in the phrase מּ יַד ׳(הָֽיְתָה) אֵת‎ 2 Samuel 14:19; 2 Kings 15:19; Jeremiah 26:24; אֵת נָשָׂא‎ to bear together with, i.e. to assist Exodus 18:22; Numbers 11:17. Exceptionally, = with the help of: Genesis 4:1 for I have gotten a man ׳אֶתיֿ‎ with the help of ׳י‎ (compare עם‎ 1 Samuel 14:45) Genesis 49:25 (where, however, the parallelism, & ⅏ ᵑ6 ᵑ7‎ favour שַׁדַּי וְאֵל‎ for שַׁדַּי וְאֵת‎) Micah 3:8; compare Esther 9:29.

b. beside (German neben): Genesis 39:6 מְאוּמָה אִתּוֺ יָדַע לֹא‎ he knew not with him, beside him, aught (i.e. Joseph managed everything), 39:8; Exodus 20:23 אִתִּ֑י תַעֲשׂוּן לֹא‎ ye shall not make (aught) beside me.

c. beside = in the presence of (rare): Genesis 20:16b and before all thou shalt be righted, Isaiah 30:8; Micah 6:1. In this sense מּ ׳אֶתמְּֿנֵי‎ is more frequently, see below מָּנִים‎

d. of intercourse of different kinds with another, e.g. after verbs of making a covenant or contract, or (less often) of speaking or dealing: (α) Genesis 9:9; 15:18; 17:4 (Ezekiel 16:60; Isaiah 59:21 -אוֺת‎) Joshua 10:4; 1 Kings 3:1 etc.; compare 1 Samuel 2:13 (but here מֵאֶתֿ הַכֹּהֵן‎ is probably to be read with ᵑ7 ᵑ6 ᵐ5‎ Ke We etc., compare Deuteronomy 18:3). (β) Genesis 17:3; 42:30 קָשׁוֺת אִתָּנוּ דִּבֶּר‎, 1 Kings 8:15; Psalm 109:2, & especially in Jeremiah and Ezekiel (as Jeremiah 1:16; 4:12 [52:9 אִתּוֺ‎] 5:5; 12:1; Ezekiel 2:1; 3:22, 24, 27; 14:4; 44:5 — all -אוֺת‎); Genesis 24:49 to perform kindness אֵת‎ (עִם‎ is here more Genl.), 2 Samuel 16:17 אֶתרֵֿעֶךָ֑ חַסְדְּךָ זֶה‎, Ruth 2:20; Zechariah 7:9; Jon 11:27 רָעָה אִתִּי עשֶֹׁה וְאַתָּה‎, Deuteronomy 1:30; 10:21; 1 Samuel 12:7 b, (-אוֺת‎) Jeremiah 21:2; 33:9; Ezekiel 7:27; 16:59; 22:14; 23:25, 29; 39:24; absolute 17:17; 20:44; Psalm 109:21; Zephaniah 3:19; (γ) in a pregnant sense, (in dealing) with, i.e. towards (rare): Isaiah 66:14; Psalm 67:2 אִתָּנוּ מָּנָיו יָאֵר‎ make his face to shine with (= toward) us (varied from אֶל‎ Numbers 6:25) Deuteronomy 28:8; faithful with Psalm 78:8 (compare 78:37 עִם נָכוֺן‎); Ezekiel 2:6 (אוֺתָ֑ךְ‎); Judges 16:15 אִתִּי אֵין וְלֹבְּךָ‎. (δ) often with verbs of fighting, striving, contending, as Genesis 14:2, 8, 9; Numbers 20:13; Isaiah 45:9; a 50:8; Psalm 35:1; Proverbs 23:11; with בְמִשְׁמָּט בָּא‎ Psalm 143:2 (Isaiah 3:14 and elsewhere עִם‎).

2 Of localities, especially in the phrase אֵת אֲשֶׁר‎ describing a site: Judges 3:19; 4:11 אֶתקֶֿדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר‎ which is near Kedesh, 1 Kings 9:26; 2 Kings 9:27 (compare עם‎ 2, which is commoner in this sense); Ezekiel 43:8; Exodus 33:21 אִתִּי מָקוֺם הִנֵּה‎. Perhaps, anomalously, 1 Samuel 7:16 at or by all those places (but see Dr); in 2 Samuel 15:23 אֵת אֶתהַֿמִּדְבָּר, דֶרֶךְ עַלמְּֿנֵי‎ = towards is against analogue: read with ᵐ5‎^L בַּמִּדְבָּר אֲשֶׁר הַזַּיִת דֶּרֶךְ עַלמָּֿנָיו‎; 1 Kings 9:25 אִתּוֺ‎ beside it (that is, the altar); but עָלָיו‎ 13:1 etc. would be idiomatic, & for אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֺ‎ Klo proposes plausibly אֶתאִֿשֹּׁוֺ‎ (see Exodus 30:20).

3 מּ ׳אֵת‎ denotes specially,

a. in one's possession or keeping: Genesis 27:15; 30:29 thou knowest ֗֗֗ אִתִּי מִקְנְךָ הָיָה אֲשֶׁר אֵת‎ how thy cattle fared with me, 30:33; Leviticus 5:23; Leviticus 19:13; Deuteronomy 15:3; Judges 17:2; 1 Samuel 9:7 אִתָּנוּ מָה‎ = what have we ? 25:29; Isaiah 49:4 my right is with Jehovah (contr. 40:27), Jeremiah 8:8; Psalm 38:11 the light of mine eyes also אִתִּי אֵין‎ i.e. is gone from me, Proverbs 3:28; 8:18; in his power, Jeremiah 10:5 אוֺתָם אֵין הֵיטֵיב‎ is not in their power, perhaps Psalm 12:5. A dream, or the word of ׳י‎, is said to be אֵת‎ with a prophet, 2 Kings 3:12; Jeremiah 23:28; 27:18. Metaph. of a mental quality, Proverbs 11:2; 13:10.

b. in one's knowledge or memory: Isaiah 59:12 אִתָּנוּ מְּשָׁעֵינוּ‎ our transgressions are with us, i.e. present to our minds ("" יְדַעֲנוּם וַעֲוֺנֹתֵינוּ‎), Job 12:3 כְּמוֺאֵֿלָּה אֶתמִֿיאֵֿין‎ with whom are not (i.e. who knoweth not ? τίς οὐ σύνοιδε;) things like these ? 14:5 אִתָּךְ‎ i.e. known to thee, Proverbs 2:1; Genesis 40:14; Jeremiah 12:3 (Ew Gf towards thee, as 1d γ). So אֶתנַֿפְשְׁכֶם אִםיֵֿשׁ‎ Genesis 23:8 [2 Kings 9:15 ׳נ‎ alone], אֶתלְֿבָבְךָ‎ 10:15. compare עם‎ 4b, which is more frequent in this sense.

4 מֵאֵת‎ (מֵאִתִּי‎, etc.; also -מֵאוֺת‎) from proximity with (like Greek παρά with a Genitive, From de chez; in Syriac, Arabic , corresponding synonym מֵעִם‎; see below): coupled almost always with persons (contrast מֵעִם‎, a). Thus

a. with קָנָה‎ to buy Genesis 25:10 + often (compare 17:27); לָקַח‎ 42:24; Exodus 25:2; Leviticus 25:36; Numbers 17:17 + often; נָשָׂא‎ Psalm 24:5; שִׁלַּח‎, as Genesis 8:8 מֵאִתּוֺ אֶתהַֿיּוֺנָה וַיְשַׁלַּח‎ and he sent forth the dove from with him 26:27; הָלַךְ‎ 26:31; 1 Kings 18:12; 20:36; Jeremiah 9:1, of a wife deserting her husband Judges 19:2 מֵאִתּוֺ וַתֵּלֶךְ‎, Jeremiah 3:1 (compare Isaiah 57:8); with simile words Genesis 38:1; Deuteronomy 2:8; 1 Kings 11:23; Jeremiah 2:37 (see Exodus 5:20); Isaiah 54:10; Psalm 66:20; with שָׁאַל‎ Judges 1:14; 1 Kings 2:16; Psalm 27:4 +, דָּרַשׁ‎ 1 Kings 22:7 and elsewhere, שָׁמַע‎ 1 Samuel 2:23. — מּ מְּנֵי ׳מֵאֵת‎ Genesis 27:30; 43:34; Exodus 10:11; Job 2:7; Leviticus 10:4 (הַקֹּדֶשׁ‎), 2 Kings 16:14 (הַבַּיִת‎). Hence

b. of rights or dues, handed over from, given on the part of, any one: Genesis 47:22 מַּרְעֹה מֵאֵת חֹק‎; often in P, as 23:20; Exodus 27:21 a perpetual due יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּנֵי מֵאֵת‎ from, or on the part of, the children of Israel, Leviticus 7:34; b 24:8; Numbers 3:9; 7:84 +; Deuteronomy 18:3; 1 Samuel 2:13 (ᵐ5‎, etc.; see 1d) 2 Samuel 15:3 הַמֶּלֶךְ מֵאֵת אֵיןלְֿךָ וְשֹׁמֵעַ‎ but there is none to hear thee deputed of the king, 1 Kings 5:14.

c. expressing origination: 1 Kings 1:27 נִהְיָה הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲדֹנִי מֵאֵת אִם‎. Especially י ׳מֵאֵת‎ — of a concrete object proceeding from him: Genesis 19:24 (brimstone), Numbers 11:31 (a wind), 16:35 (fire), 1 Samuel 16:14 (evil spirit), Isaiah 38:7 (a sign), Jeremiah 51:53 (wasters), Micah 5:6 (dew); of wrath Zechariah 7:12 (compare Numbers 17:11), teaching Isaiah 51:4, the word of prophecy Jeremiah 7:1 (so 11:1; 18:1 +? Jeremiah) 37:17; Ezekiel 33:30; with 'have I((we) heard' Isaiah 21:10; 28:22; Jeremiah 49:14 (= Obadiah); of an event, or phase of history Joshua 11:20 י ׳מֵאֵת הָֽיְתָה‎ it came of ׳י‎ to..., 1 Kings 12:24; Habakkuk 2:13; Psalm 118:23 י ׳מֵאֵת זאֹת הָֽיְתָה‎ (ᵐ5‎ παρὰ Κυρίου) Ezra 9:8; Nehemiah 6:16; of trouble (רָעָה‎) 2 Kings 6:33; Micah 1:12 (יָרַד‎); of a good or evil lot, having its source in ׳י‎ Jeremiah 13:25; Isaiah 54:17; Psalm 109:20, compare Job 2:10; Psalm 22:26 תְהִלָּתִי מֵאִתְּךָ‎ from thee cometh my praise (thou art the source of it); Isaiah 44:24 Qr מֵאִתִּי‎ of myself (compare ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ John 5:30; Kt is אִתִּי מִי‎ who was with me ?), John 54:15 מֵאוֺתִי אֶפֶס‎ not at my instance (compare מִנִּי לֹא‎ John 30:1, מִמֶּנִּי לֹא‎ Hosea 8:4). d. of a place 1 Kings 6:33 (corrupt: read with ᵑ9 ᵑ6 ᵐ5‎ [partly] רְבֻעוֺת מְזוּזֹת‎, & compare Ezekiel 41:21).Note. אֵת‎ expresses closer association than עִם‎: hence while מֵעִם‎ sometimes denotes hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of, מֵאֵת‎ expresses from close proximity to. Thus Saul asks, מֵעִמָּנוּ הָלַךְ מִי‎ who has gone from (those) about us ? but Jacob, speaking of the loss of Joseph, says, Genesis 44:28 מֵאִתִּי הָאֶחָד וַיֵּצֵא‎ and the one is gone from with me. מֵאֵת‎ is accordingly preferred to מֵעִם‎ in the sense of origination or authorship; מאת‎ is not usual in the sense of מֵעִם‎

c, nor מֵעִם‎ in the sense of מֵאֵת‎ b..