H2026. harag

הָרַג‎ verb kill, slay (Late Hebrew id., ואהרג‎ MI (1 singular Imperfect consecutive); Arabic fall into war, conflict, disorder, slaughter; Sabean הרג‎ fight Os^{4, l. 17}, kill SabDenkm^{24. 25}) —

Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳ה‎ Judges 9:24 4t., הָרָ֑ג‎ 2 Samuel 14:7 2t., וְהָרַג‎ consecutive Isaiah 27:1; suffix וַהֲרָגָ֑נִי‎ consecutive 1 Samuel 16:2 2t.; הֲרָגוֺ‎ Genesis 4:25; etc.; Imperfect יַהֲרֹג‎ Psalm 10:8 4t.; יַהֲרָגֿ‎ Job 5:2; וַיַּהֲרֹג‎ Exodus 13:15 14t.; suffix יַהַרְגֵנִי‎ Genesis 4:14; 1singular אֶהֱרוֺג‎ Amos 2:3, אֶהֱרֹג‎ 9:1; cohortative וְאַהַרְגָה‎ Genesis 27:41; suffix וָאֶהֶרְגֵהוּ‎ 2 Samuel 4:10; 2 Kings 10:9; 3masculine plural יַהֲרֹ֑גוּ‎ Psalm 94:6; Ezekiel 23:47; וַיַּהַרְגוּ‎ Genesis 34:25 4t.; suffix יַהַרְגֻנִי‎ 26:7, etc.; Imperative הֲרֹג‎ Judges 8:20; suffix הָרְגֵנִי‎ Numbers 11:15; plural הִרְגוּ‎ 25:5 2t.; הֲרֹ֑גוּ‎ 31:17; Infinitive absolute הָרֹג‎ 11:15 2t.; הָרוֺג‎ Esther 9:16; construct הֲרֹג‎ Exodus 2:15 11t.; הֲרוֺג‎ Ecclesiastes 3:8; Esther 7:4; suffix הָרְגֵנִי‎ Exodus 2:14; הָרְגֵנוּ‎ 5:21; הֲרָגְךָ‎ 1 Samuel 24:11; הָרְגֶ֑ךָ‎ Genesis 27:42 2t.; הָרְגוֺ‎ Exodus 21:14; Participle active הֹרֵג‎ Genesis 4:15 4t.; הוֺרֵג‎ Ezekiel 21:16; הֹרְגֶ֑ךָ‎ 28:9; הֹרְגִים‎ Jeremiah 4:31; 2 Kings 17:25; passive הֲרוּגִים‎ Isaiah 10:4 2t.; הֲרֻגִים‎ 14:19; construct הֲרֻגֵי‎ Jeremiah 18:21; הֲרוּגָיו‎ Isaiah 27:7; הֲרוּגֶיהָ‎ 26:21; הֲרֻגֶיהָ‎ Proverbs 7:26; —

1. a. kill, slay, implying ruthless violence, especially private violence Genesis 4:8, 14, 15, 23, 25; 12:12 (all J), 20:11 (E) 26:7; 27:41-42, 34:25-26, 37:20, 26 (all J), 49:6 (poem in J), Exodus 2:14 (twice in verse); 2:15 (E), 5:21 (J) 21:14; 23:7 (both J E), Numbers 31:19 (P) Judges 9:5, 18, 24 (twice in verse); 9:56; 16:2; 20:5; 1 Samuel 16:2; 22:21; 24:11; 24:12; 24:18; 2 Samuel 3:30; 4:10-11, 12; 12:9; 14:7; 23:21; 1 Kings 2:5, 32; 18:12-13, 14; 19:1, 10, 14; 2 Kings 9:31; 10:9; 1 Chronicles 7:21; 11:23; 2 Chronicles 21:4, 13; 22:8; 24:23, 25; 25:3; Nehemiah 4:5; 6:10 (twice in verse); Zechariah 11:5; Psalm 10:8; 94:6 ("" רִצֵּחַ‎); compare Judges 8:18-19, 20, 21; 9:54; 1 Kings 12:27; Isaiah 14:20; 2 Chronicles 22:1; Nehemiah 9:26; so of massacre of Jews planned by Haman Esther 3:13; 7:4 (both וּלְאַבֵּד לַהֲרֹג לְהַשְׁמִיד‎), and of slaughter of Jews' enemies in defence and revenge 8:11 (same combination) 9:6, 10, 12, 15, 16 compare 9:11 (passive participle the slain).

b. hence of wholesale slaughter after battle Numbers 31:7-8, (twice in verse); 31:17 (twice in verse) (all P), Joshua 8:24; 10:11 (both J E), 13:22 (P), Judges 7:25 (twice in verse); 8:17; 9:45; 2 Samuel 10:18; 1 Kings 9:16; 11:24; 2 Kings 8:12; 1 Chronicles 19:18; 2 Chronicles 28:6-7, 9; 36:17; Ezekiel 26:8, 11, compare Judges 9:26; passive participle the slain Isaiah 10:4; 14:19 compare Ezekiel 23:10, 47; 37:9; Jeremiah 18:21 מָוֶת הֲרֻגֵי‎ ("" מֻכֵּיחֶֿרֶב‎); further Hosea 9:13; Habakkuk 1:17; Jeremiah 4:31; Ezekiel 21:16; 28:9; also of slaughter in a revolt 2 Kings 11:8 2 Chronicles 23:17.

2 of God's slaying in judgment (stern and inscrutable), Genesis 20:4 (E), Exodus 4:23; 13:15; 22:23 (all J E), Amos 2:3; 4:10; 9:1, 4; Lamentations 2:4, 21; 3:43; Psalm 59:12; 78:31; 78:34; 135:10; 136:18 compare Numbers 11:15 (twice in verse) (JE), 22:33 (J), Isaiah 14:30, 26:21 (passive the slain, so 27:7), Jeremiah 15:3; figurative בְּאִמְרֵיפִֿ֑י הֲרַגְתִּים‎ Hosea 6:5 ("" חָצַבְתִּי בַּנְּבִיאִים‎).

3 rarely of judicial killing by men (at God's command), Exodus 32:27 (JE), Leviticus 20:15-16, (H), Numbers 25:5 (JE), Deuteronomy 13:10 (twice in verse) compare Ezekiel 9:6 לְמַשְׁחִית תַּהַרְגוּ‎.

4 of killing beasts, Numbers 22:29 (J; Balaam's ass), Leviticus 20:15 compare above, Isaiah 22:13 (oxen; "" שָׁחֹט‎), בַּיָּ֑ם אֲשֶׁר הִתַּנִּין‎ 27:1; also of killing vines, by hail Psalm 78:47.

5 of killing by beasts: lions 2 Kings 17:25, viper Job 20:16.

6 quite General is לִרְמּוֺא וְעֵת לַהֲרוֺג עֵת‎ Ecclesiastes 3:3.

7 destroy, ruin קִנְאָה תָּמִית וּפֹתֶה יַהֲרָגכָּֿ֑עַשׂ לֶאֱוִיל‎ Job 5:2; תְּאַבְּדֵם סִילִים כְּ וְשַׁלְוַת תַּהַרְגֵם מְּתָיִם מְשׁוּבַת‎ Proverbs 1:32; also of those ruined by shameless woman 7:26. — Regular construction is with accusative; object sometimes omitted, as Lamentations 2:21; used absolute Hosea 9:13; Jeremiah 4:31; 15:3; Lamentations 3:43; Ezekiel 21:16; Ecclesiastes 3:3; followed by בְּ‎ slay among, i.e. some of, 2 Kings 17:25; 2 Chronicles 28:6, 9; Psalm 78:31; followed by מִן‎ (part of), + accusative, 1 Chronicles 19:18; followed by direct object with לְ‎ 2 Samuel 3:30; Job 5:2; Psalm 135:11 = 136:19; 136:20 (but in last 3 first object is accusative).

Niph`al Imperfect 1 passive of Qal 1 a, יֵהָרֵג‎ Lamentations 2:20 shall priest and prophet be slain in the sanctuary? 2 passive of Qal 1 b, 3 feminine plural תֵּהָרַגְנָה‎ Ezekiel 26:6; also 26:15 הֶרֶג בֵּהָרֵג‎ ( = בְּהֵהָרֵג‎), but ᵐ5‎ Co חֶרֶב בַּהֲרֹג‎.

Pu`al Perfect3masculine singular הֹרָ֑ג‎ Isaiah 27:7 be slain (passive of Qal 1 b); compare 1 plural הֹרַגְנוּ‎ Psalm 44:23 ("" טִבְחָה כְּצאֹן נֶחְשַׁבְּנוּ‎).