H1984. halal

I. [הָלַל‎] verb shine (according to Thes and others= II. הלל‎ (splenduit, from sonuit acute, clare, so Thes; these meanings, however, merely assumed); but see Lag^{Or. ii. 19 & below following}; compare Arabic begin to shine, new moon; Assyrian êllu, bright COT^Gloss) —

Qal only Infinitive suffix ראֹשִׁי עֲלֵי נֵרוֺ בְּהִלּוֺ‎ Job 29:3 when it, namely his lamp, shone upon my head (compare Ew^{§ 309 c}), figurative of God's favour.

Hiph`il Imperfect יָהֵל‎ Job 31:26, 3feminine singular תָּהֶל‎ 41:10; 3masculine plural יָהֵ֫לּוּ‎ Isaiah 13:10; — flash forth light, of heavenly bodies, אוֺר‎ = sun Job 31:26 ("" הֹלֵךְ יָקָר יָרֵחַ‎); followed by accusative of congnate meaning with verb אוֺרָם יָהֵלּוּ לֹא וּכְּסִילֵיהֶם הַשָּׁמַיִם כּוֺכְבֵי‎ Isaiah 13:10 ("" הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ חָשַׁךְ‎, & אוֺרוֺ לֹאיַֿגִּיהַּ יָרֵחַ‎); also of crocodile אוֺר תָּ֫הֶל עֲטִישֹׁתָיו‎ Job 41:10 his sneezings flash forth light (shining water-drops).

II. [הָלַל‎] verb be boastful,

Pi`el praise (Arabic shout, both in joy & (if conjecture of Nö RS be right, see citation below) in terror; especially II. in formula of worship; Syriac Pa`el cecinit, laudavit; compare Late Hebrew הִלּוּל‎ praise, הַלֵּל‎ id., Hallel (Psalm 113-118); Aramaic הִילּוּלָא‎ marriage-song, &c.; on Assyrian alâlu, shout for joy, rejoice see Lyon^{Sargontexte 66 (Cylinder. 1. 36)} also Winckler^{Sargontexte 134, 1. 194; 156. 1. 149} KB^{44. 1. 36; 80. 1. 194}; all variations of cry aloud, compare Nö^{ZMG 1887, 723} RS^{Semitic 411}; perhaps originally break through, or out (in a cry), compare We^{Skizzen iii. 107 ff., especially 109}; compare also (according to Prät^{BAS i. 369 f.}) Ethiopic implore (compare Amharic, Tigrinya), & swear) —

Qal Imperfect2masculine plural תָּהֹ֑לּוּ‎ Psalm 75:5; Participle הוֺלֲלִים‎ 5:6 2t.; — be boastful אַלתָּֿהֹ֑לּוּ‎ 75:5 ("" אַלֿ‎ (תָּרִימוּקָ֑רֶן‎); Participle boastful ones, boasters 5:6 ("" אָוֶן מֹּעֲלֵי‎); 73:3; 75:5 (both "" רְשָׁעִים‎).

Pi`el Perfect הִלֵּל‎ Psalm 10:3, 1singular suffix הִלַּלְתִּיךָ‎ 119:164; 3masculine plural וְהִלֲלן‎ consecutive Isaiah 62:9, suffix הִלֲלוּךָ‎ 64:10. etc.; Imperfect יְהַלֶּלֿ‎ Psalm 63:6; 102:19; suffix יְהַלֶּלְךָ‎ Proverbs 27:2, יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ‎ Isaiah 38:18, וַיְהַלֲלָהּ‎ Proverbs 31:38: 1singular אֲהַלֵּל‎ Psalm 56:5 2t., cohortative אֲהַלֲלָה‎ 69:31 2t., etc.; Imperative feminine singular הַלֲלִי‎ 146:1; 147:12; masculine plural הַלְלוּ‎ 104:35 30t. Psalm + Jeremiah 20:13; 31:7; suffix הַלֲלוּ֫הוּ‎ Psalm 22:24 15t. Psalms; Infinitive absolute הַלֵּל‎ 1 Chronicles 16:36; construct הַלֵּל‎ 2 Samuel 14:25 16t. Chronicles; Participle plural מְהַלֲלִים‎ 1 Chronicles 23:5 4t. Chronicles; —

1 praise man or woman, accusative אֶלמַּֿרְעֹה אֹתָהּ וַיְהַלֲלוּ‎ Genesis 12:15 (J) and they praised her to Pharaoh, compare Proverbs 27:2; 31:28, 31; Song of Solomon 6:9; אֶתהַֿמֶּלָךְ וְהַמְהַלֲלִים‎2 Chronicles 23:12 and those praising (shouting acclamations to) the king; see also מְאֹד לְהַלֵּל‎ 2 Samuel 14:25 (of Absalom's beauty); in bas sense רָשָׁע יְהַלֲלוּ תוֺרָה עֹזְבֵי‎ Proverbs 28:4 deserters of law praise a wicked man.

2 usually praise ׳י אֱלֹהִים,‎ etc.;

a. followed by accusative of heathen god Judges 16:24.

b. object י ׳(אֱלֹהִים)‎; Psalm 119:164 (עַל‎ on account of), subject heaven, earth, seas, etc., 69:35; ותְהַלֲלֶךָּ נַפְשִׁי תְּחִי‎ 119:175; in summons to all creatures to praise 148:5; 148:13; Isaiah 38:18 יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ מָוֶת תּוֺדֶךָּ שְׁאוֺל לֹא‎ (compare Psalm 115:17); often of Public worship in sanctuary, Isaiah 62:9 (thanks giving in sanctuary after harvest), compare 64:10; Psalm 22:23 ("" שִׁמְךָ אֲסַמְּרָה‎), 22:27; 35:18; 109:30 (both "" אוֺדְךָ‎) 107:32 ("" יְרוֺמֲמוּהוּ‎) 84:5, see also 146:2 ("" לֵא ׳אֲזַמְּרָה‎) 149:3 (with בְּ‎ instrumental; "" לוֺ יְזַמְּרוּ‎); also object י ׳שֵׁם‎ (in some cases of public worship) 74:21; 148:5; Joel 2:26 (thanksgiving after harvest); בְּשִׁיר שֵׁםאֱֿלֹהִים‎ Psalm 69:31 ("" בְתוֺדָה וִאֲגַדְּלֶנּוּ‎), 145:2 ("" אֲבָֽרֲכֶ֑ךָּ‎); further, 56:5 דְּבָרוֺ אֲהַלֵּל בֵּאלֹהִים‎, also 56:11 + 56:11b וגו ׳ביהוה‎, but compare Hup Che on 11:b as editorial addition; object not expressed י הוֺשַׁע וְאִמְרוּ הַלֲלוּ ׳הַשְׁמִיעוּ אֶתעַֿמְּךָ‎ Jeremiah 31:7, יְהַלֶּלמִּֿי רְנָנוֺת וְשִׂפְתֵי‎ Psalm 63:6.

c. use of Imperative deserves special notice: הַלֲלוּהוּ‎ Psalm 22:24 ("" כַּבְּדוּהוּ‎; of temple-worship compare 22:23; 22:25); also in summons to angles, sun, moon, etc. (all created things) to praise ׳י‎ 148:2 (twice in verse); 148:3 (twice in verse); 148:4; 150:1; of temple-worship 150:2 (בְּ‎ on account of) 150:2 (כְּ‎), 150:3; 150:3; 150:4; 150:4; 150:5; 150:5 (all with בְּ‎ instrumental); further Jeremiah 20:13 ("" לי ׳שִׁירוּ‎), אֶתיֿ ׳הַלֲלוּ‎ Psalm 117:1 (addressed to nations, "" שַׁבְּחוּהוּ‎), 148:7 (created things), צִיּוֺן אֱלֹהַיִךְ חַלֲלִי‎ 147:12 ("" ׳אֶתיֿ יְרוּשָׁלַםִ שַׁבְּחִי‎).

d. note especially: praise ye yah! הַלֲלויָֿהּ‎ Psalm 135:3, liturgical ("" לִשְׁמוֺ זַמְּרוּ‎); elsewhere always one word see Baer^{Psalm p.115}, & always at beginning or end of Psalm (chiefly late), apparently liturgical; הַלֲלוּיָהֿ֑‎ 104:35 ("" אֶתיֿ נַפְשִׁי ׳בָּֽרְכִי‎), elsewhere ׃הַלֲלוּיָהּ‎ (I) at beginning 106:1; 111:1 (both "" הודה‎) 112:1; 113:1 ("" הַלֲלוּ‎ & ׳ה י ׳אֶתשֵֿׁם‎), 135:1 ("" id.), 146:1 ("" אֶתיֿ נַפְשִׁי ׳הַלֲלִי‎), 147:1 (followed by זַמְּרָה‎ in clause with כִּי‎), 148:1 ("" הַלֲלוּהוּ אֶתיֿ, ׳הַלֲלוּ‎), 149:1 ("" לי ׳שִׁירוּ‎), 150:1 ("" הַלֲלוּהוּ הַלֲלוּאֵֿל,‎); (2) at end 104:35 (above), 105:45; 106:48; 113:9; 115:18 ("" יָהּ נְבָרֵךְ‎), 116:19; 117:2; 135:21 ("" י ׳בָּרוּךְ‎) 146:10; 147:20; 148:14; 149:9; 150:6 ("" יָהּ תְּהַלֵּל הַנְּשָׁמָה כֹּל‎); add to these (not liturgical) יְהַלֶּליָֿהּ‎ 102:19, יָהּ תְּהַלֵּל נְשָׁמָה כֹּל‎ 150:6, יְהַלֲלויָֿהּ הַמֵּתִים לֹא‎ 115:17.

e. also followed by ליהוה‎, in Chronicles, of technical Levitical function (compare Lag^{Or.ii.16 ff.}, who limits this technical הלל‎ to priests, using חֲצֹצְרוֺת‎, for a signal to the people; see e.g. Nehemiah 12:24 compare 12:27), 1 Chronicles 16:4 (with instrumental music, compare וּבְכִנֹּרוֺת כְבָלִים בִּכְלֵי‎ & ם בַּמְצִלְתַּיִ‎, all 16:5, and Nehemiah 12:27) 1 Chronicles 23:30; 25:3 (all "" הוֺדוֺת‎); exercised (apparently) by both priests and Levites Ezra 3:11 ("" הֹדוֺת‎) compare 3:11; by Levites 2 Chronicles 20:19 (גָּדוֺל בְּקֹל‎), 29:30 (דָוִיד בְּדִבְרֵי‎) in which the people also joined 1 Chronicles 16:36; also 2 Chronicles 5:13 (הַשִּׁיר וּבִכְלֵי וּבִמְצִלְתַּיִם בַּחֲצֹצְרוֺת‎ compare also 5:12; "" הֹדוֺת‎, 5:13 apparently of Levites & priests), לי ׳מְהַלֲלִים בַּכֵּלִים‎ 1 Chronicles 23:5 (Levites) compare 2 Chronicles 30:21 (Levites & priests לי עֹז ׳בִּכְלֵי‎); followed by תִּפְאַרְתֶּ֑ךָ לְשֵׁם‎ 1 Chronicles 29:13 ("" מוֺדִים‎; David speaks in name of people); followed by לְהַדְרַתקֹֿ֑דֶשׁ‎2 Chronicles 20:11 (before the army; "" לי ׳מְשֹׁרֲרִים‎; probably of Levites, compare 20:19).

f. followed by accusative ׳י‎ Ezra 3:10 (priests & Levites: דָּוִיד עַליְֿדֵי‎), Nehemiah 5:13 (people).

g. other forms, with like technical sense, but absolute: דָּוִיד בְּמִצְוַת לְהוֺדוֺת לְהַלֵּל‎ Nehemiah 12:24 (Levites) compare 1 Chronicles 23:5; 2 Chronicles 8:14; 29:30 (עַדלְֿשִׂמְחָה‎) 31:2 (apparently priests & Levites; י מַחֲנוֺת ׳בְּשַׁעֲדֵי‎; "" וּלְהֹוֺדוֺת לְשָׁרֵת‎); see also לְהַלֵּל מוֺדִיעִים‎23:13 ("" בְּיָדָם דָּוִיד בְּהַלֵּל הַשִּׁיר בִּכְלֵי מְשׁוֺרֲרִים‎ ). 7:6 ("" ליהוּה הֹדוֺת‎)

3 apparently boast, male one's boast compare Qal 2 (followed by בְּ‎ in, of), בֵּאלֹהִים‎ Psalm 44:9 ("" נוֺדֶה לְעוֺלָם שִׁמְךָ‎); so according to most, in bad sense, ׳ה נַפְשׁוֺ עַלתַּֿאֲוַת רָשָׁע‎ 10:3 a wicked man boasteth of the desire of his soul, but Che praiseth (׳י‎) for (i.e. in a mercenary spirit).

Pu`al Perfect3plural הוּלָּ֑לוּ‎ Psalm 78:63; Imperfect יְהֻלַּלֿ‎ Proverbs 12:8; Participle מְהֻלָּל‎ 2 Samuel 22:4 6t.; feminine הַהֻלָּ֑לָה‎ Ezekiel 26:17 (compare Ol^{§ 250 c} Sta^{§ 220, 617 b}; ᵑ0‎, however, accents as Perfect, regarding הַ‎ as = relative, see sta:§ 176 c Ges^{§ 52}. 2, R. 6); — be praised,

1 human subject be praised, commended Proverbs 12:18 (opposed to לָבוּז יִהְיֶה‎); of maidens, praised, celebrated (in song) Psalm 78:63; participle (see above) of city, renowned Ezekiel 26:17.

2 of ׳י‎ only participle = gerundive, to be praised, worthy of praise 2 Samuel 22:4 = Psalm 18:4; י ׳גָּדוֺל ׳וּמְה מְאֹד‎ 48:2; 96:4 = 1 Chronicles 16:25; Psalm 145:3; so ׳מְה י ׳שֵׁם‎ 113:3.

Hithpa. Imperfect יִתְהַלֵּל‎ 1 Kings 20:11 5t.; יִתְהַלָּ֑ל‎ Proverbs 20:14; 3feminine singular תִּתְּהַלֵּל‎ Psalm 34:3, תִּתְּהַלָּ֑ל‎ Proverbs 31:30; 2masculine singular תִּתְהַלֵּל‎ Psalm 52:3; Proverbs 27:1; תִּתְהַלָּ֑ל‎ Isaiah 41:16; 2feminine singular תִּתְהַלֲלִי‎ Jeremiah 49:4; 3masculine plural יִתְהַלֲלוּ‎ Psalm 64:11; Isaiah 45:25; יִתְהַלָּ֑לוּ‎ 49:7; Jeremiah 4:2; Imperative masculine plural הִתְהַלֲלוּ‎ 1 Chronicles 16:10; Psalm 105:3; Infinitive לְהִתְהַלֵּל‎ 106:5; Participle מִתְהַלֵּל‎ Proverbs 25:14; Jeremiah 9:23; plural מִתְהַלֲלִים‎ Psalm 97:7; — glory, boast, make one's boast: —

1 of self-confident boasting, absolute 1 Kings 20:11 compare Proverbs 20:14; followed by בְּ‎ of ground of boast Jeremiah 9:22 (3 t. in verse); 49:4; Psalm 49:7; 52:3; Proverbs 25:14, מָחָר בְּיוֺם אַלתִּֿתְהַלֵּל‎ 27:1; of glorying in idols בָּאֱלִלִים הַמִּתְהַלֲלִים‎ Psalm 97:7.

2 of glorying, making one's boast in (בְּ‎, on the ground of) נַפְשִׁי ׳בי ׃י ׳תִּתְהַלֵּל‎ Psalm 34:3, compare Isaiah 45:25; Jeremiah 4:2 ("" בוֺ וְהִתְבָּֽרְכוּ‎); followed by יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּקְדוֺשׁ‎ Isaiah 41:16; see also Psalm 105:3 = 1 Chronicles 16:10 followed by קָדְשׁוֺ בְּשֵׁם )‎ "" י מְבַקְשֵׁי לֵב ׳(יִשְׂמַה‎, compare further Jeremiah 9:23; less often absolute 9:23; Psalm 63:12; Psalm 64:11 & 106:5 followed by עִםנַֿחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ‎ together with thine heritage ("" י֑ךָ גּוֶֺ בְּשִׂמְהַת לִשְׂמֹהַ‎).

3 once, late = passive be praised, commended, of God-fearing woman Proverbs 31:30.

Po`el Imperfect יְהוֺלֵל‎ Isaiah 44:25 2t.; — make into a fool, make fool of, object שֹׁפְטִים‎ Job 12:17 (subject ׳י‎; "" שׁוֺלָ֑ל יוֺעֲצִים מוֺלִיךְ‎); object קֹסְמִים‎ Isaiah 44:25 (subject ׳י‎ "" בַּדִּים אֹתוֺת מֵפֵר‎; object הָכָם‎ Ecclesiastes 7:7 (subject הָעשֶׁק‎; "" מַתָּנָה אֶתלֵֿב וִיאַבֵּד‎).

Po`al Participle מְהוֺלָ֑ל אָמַרְתִּי לִשְׂהוֺק‎ Ecclesiastes 2:2 of laughter I said, It is mad (folly); מְהוֺלָלַי‎ Psalm 102:9 those mad against me ("" אוֺיְבָ֑י‎).

Hithpo`el Imperfect וַיִּתְהֹלֵל‎ 1 Samuel 21:14; 3masculine plural יִתְהֹלֲלוּ‎ Jeremiah 51:7, יִתְהוֺלֲלוּ‎ Nahum 2:5, יִתְהֹלֶ֑לוּ‎ Jeremiah 50:38; Imperative masculine plural הִתְהֹלֲלוּ‎ 49:9, הִתְהֹלָ֑לוּ‎ 25:16; — act madly, or like a madman, בְּיָדָם וַיִּתְהֹלֵל‎ 1 Samuel 21:14 (of David) and he acted like a madman in their hands; of idolatrous worship by Chaldeans יִתְה ׳וּבָאֵימִים‎ Jeremiah 50:38; of nations, as drunken men, figurative of terror at Yahweh's judgements, 25:16 ("" הִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ‎) 51:7; also of madly driving & jolting chariots Nahum 2:5; Jeremiah 46:9.