H784. esh

אֵשׁ‎₃₇₇ noun feminine^{Exodus 9:23} (masculine^{Jeremiah 48:45; Psalm 104:4}; **masculine is dubious: Numbers 16:18 read עָלֶיהָ‎ for 2nd עֲלֵיהֶם‎ (ᵐ5‎B); Jeremiah 20:9 see Ges^{§ 132 d}; 48:45 read (many MSS., Numbers 21:23) יצאה‎; Psalm 104:4 read perhaps (Ol Du): לֵֹהטָה‎, or וָלָֽחַט‎; Job 20:26 see Ges^{§ 145 u (or 121 b)}: compare Albr^{ZAW xvi {1896}. 63}. feminine & masculine^{Jeremiah 20:9; Job 20:26}) fire (Assyrian išatu COT^Gloss, Syriac , Ethiopic derivatives from II. אנשׁ‎, , sociable, friendly element (MV Wetzst in De^{Psalmen, ed. 4, p. 888} Lag^{BN 68} compare , ), improbable especially in view of Assyrian; daghesh probably secondary; compare also Sta^{§ 189 b}) — ׳א‎ absolute Exodus 9:24 +; construct Leviticus 6:2 + (seldom); suffix אִשּׁוֺ‎ Deuteronomy 4:36; Job 18:5; אֶשְׁכֶם‎ Isaiah 50:11; אִשָּׁם‎ 66:24; —

1 fire, of conflagration, e.g. in briers, endangering or destroying crops קֹצִים וּמָֽצְאָה אֵשׁ תֵּצֵא‎ Exodus 22:5; compare 3:2 בָּאֵשׁ בֹּעֵר הַסְּנֶה‎ (both E); more often of deliberate destruction by fire, especially בָּאֵשׁ שָׂרַף‎ (בָּ‎ with qam. preton.) object golden calf 32:20 (J), other idols Deuteronomy 7:5, 25, Asherim 12:3, chariots Joshua 11:6, 9; 2 Kings 23:1, house Judges 12:1; 14:15, tower 9:52, city-gates Nehemiah 1:3; 2:3, 13, 17, city Joshua 6:24; Judges 18:27 compare Isaiah 1:7 +; also בְּ אֵשׁ שִׁלַּח‎ Amos 1:4, 7, 10 +; בָּאֵשׁ אֶתהָֿעִיר שִׁלַּח‎ Judges 1:8; 20:48 compare 2 Kings 8:12; בָּאֵשׁ אֶתהָֿעִיר הִצִּית‎ Joshua 8:8, 19; Jeremiah 17:27 +, compare Judges 9:49; 2 Samuel 14:30-31, (of field, compare Exodus 22:5 above)

2 of supernatural fire, attending theophany Exodus 3:2; 19:18 (both J E) Deuteronomy 4:11-12, 15, 33, 36 +; specifically (הָ)אֵשׁ עַמּוּד‎ Exodus 13:21-22, 14:24 (all J E) Nehemiah 9:12, 19 compare Deuteronomy 1:33 (see מַרְאֵהאֵֿשׁ‎ Numbers 9:15-16, P); of destructive fire from ׳י‎ 11:1-2, 3 (J) 26:10 (P) Leviticus 10:2 (P); compare ׳א אֹכֶלָת‎ in simile of Yahweh's glory Exodus 24:17 (E) Deuteronomy 4:24; 9:3; see also 1 Kings 18:24, 38; 2 Kings 1:10 (twice in verse); 1:12 (twice in verse); 1:14; Job 1:16 (perhaps lightning intended), compare further of lightning Exodus 9:23-24, (JE) Psalm 18:13; 18:14; 148:8 etc.

3 fire for cooking, roasting, parching, etc. אֵשׁ צְלִי‎ roasted at a fire Exodus 12:8-9, (P) compare Leviticus 2:14; 2 Chronicles 35:13; Isaiah 44:16, 19; of tinder for lighting fire Genesis 22:6-7, (E); of fire for melting (gold for the idolatrous calf) Exodus 32:24; for refining Jeremiah 6:29, where read with Qr עֹפֶרֶת תַּם מֵאֵשׁ‎; compare Malachi 3:2 (simile of purifying work of messenger of cov't).

4 especially of altar-fire Leviticus 1:7 (twice in verse); 6:2; 6:3; 6:5; 6:6 +; in offering incense 10:1, also זָרָה אֵשׁ‎ strange fire, i.e. an incense not commanded, offered presumptuously 10:1; Numbers 3:4; 26:61; fire from ׳י‎ consuming sacrifice (compare 2) Leviticus 9:24; 2 Chronicles 7:1, 3; of fire in child-sacrifice (usually (לְׅ בָּאֵשׁ בֵּן הֶעֱבִיר‎) 2 Kings 16:3; 21:6; compare 17:17; 23:10; 2 Chronicles 33:6; also בָּא ׳שׂרף‎ 2 Kings 17:31, בָּא ׳בער‎2 Chronicles 28:3.

5 figurative of Yahweh's anger Psalm 89:47 (simile) compare Nahum 1:6; Lamentations 2:4 אֵשׁעֶֿבְרָתִי‎ Ezekiel 21:36; Ezekiel 22:31; 38:19, אֵשׁקִֿנְאָתִי‎ 36:5; see also Isaiah 66:15; Psalm 79:5; 89:47 etc.; of word of ׳י‎ Jeremiah 23:29; figurative of outbursting emotion Psalm 39:4; of flagrant wickedness Isaiah 9:17, etc:

6 in various combinations, אֵשׁ לַמִּיד‎ Genesis 15:17 (J) a torch of fire (compare Di); לַבַּתאֵֿשׁ‎ Exodus 3:2 flame of fire, אֵשׁ לַהַב‎ Joel 2:5, אֵשׁ לַמִּידֵי‎ (in simile) Daniel 10:6 compare Zechariah 12:6, אֵשׁ לַהֲבוֺת‎ Psalm 29:7 אֵשׁ לַהֲבֵי‎ Isaiah 66:15 compare ׳א לְהָבוֺת‎ Psalm 105:32, א ׳נֹגַהּ לָהָבָה‎ Isaiah 4:5 compare Hosea 7:6; אִשּׁוֺ שְׁבִיב‎ spark of his fire Job 18:5 compare אֵשׁ כִּידוֺדֵי‎ 41:11; אֵשׁ תַּנּוּר‎ Psalm 21:10 oven of fire, אֵשׁ כִּיּוֺר‎ Zechariah 12:6; אֵשׁ אוֺר‎ light of fire Psalm 78:14; לֹהֵט אֵשׁ‎ flaming fire 104:4; אֵשׁ לְשׁוֺן‎ Isaiah 5:24 tongue of fire, אֵשׁ גַּחֲלֵי‎ Ezekiel 1:13 coals of fire, so 10:2, compare אֵשׁ רִשְׁמֵּי‎ Song of Solomon 8:6; on אֵשׁ אַבְנֵי‎ Ezekiel 28:14, 16 see אֶבֶן‎; דַּת אֵשׁ‎ Deuteronomy 33:2, literally fire of a law, or fire was a law, but דָּת‎ law is Persian & late; read perhaps דֹת‎[לַמִּ‎] אֵשׁ‎ compare Exodus 20:18 or דֶת‎ [יֹקֶ‎] אֵשׁ‎ compare Isaiah 65:5.

אֶשָּׁא‎ noun [feminine] fire (Biblical Hebrew אֵשׁ‎; K^{§ 55, 5. 2 b} thinks emphatic from onomatopoetic √ אשׁשׁ‎; D¹⁶¹ Buhl √ אשׁא‎ compare אִישָּׁהָא אישָּׁא, ᵑ7‎, Syriac ; — Daniel 7:11.

אֻשַּׁיָּא אֻשֹּׁהִי,‎ see [אשׁ‎]. above