H1167. baal

I. בַּעַל‎₁₆₆ noun masculine owner, lord (Phoenician בעל‎; Palmyrene id. husband Vog⁶² compare Bae^{Rel 72 ff.}; Assyrian bêlu₁ with Dl^{Gram. Glossary}; Arabic husband etc., see especially Nö^{ZMG 1886, 174}, Sabean בעל‎ CIS^{iv. 1, 2}) — Genesis 20:3 92t.; suffix בַּעְלִּי‎ Hosea 2:18; בַּעְלָּהּ‎ Deuteronomy 24:4-5t.; plural בְּעָלִים‎ Judges 2:11 17t.; construct בַּעֲלֵי‎ Genesis 14:13 27t.; suffix בְּעָלָיו‎ Exodus 21:29 14t.; בְּעָלֶיהָ‎ Job 31:39 2t.; בַּעְלֵּיהֶן‎ Esther 1:17, 20; — I.

1 owner (often plural with suffix in singular meaning): of ox Exodus 21:28-29, (twice in verse); 22:10; 22:11; 22:13; 22:14 (E); ׳ב הבור‎ of pit 21:34, 36 (E), of house 22:7 (E) Judges 19:22-23, debt Deuteronomy 15:2, the land Job 31:39, the ass Isaiah 1:3, goods Ecclesiastes 5:10, riches 5:12; ׳ב טוב‎ one to whom good is due Proverbs 3:27, gain 1:19; ׳ב שׂכל‎ one having understanding 16:22; ׳ב השׁחד‎ receiver of the gift 17:8.

2 husband Genesis 20:3; Exodus 21:3, 22 (E) Deuteronomy 22:22; 24:4; 2 Samuel 11:26; Joel 1:8; Proverbs 12:4; 31:11, 23, 28; Esther 1:17, 20; בַּעְלִּי‎ Hosea 2:18 (my Baal, reference to the divine name used in the northern kingdom, here for the first time forbidden).

3 citizens, inhabitants: בַּעֲלֵי‎ of Jericho Joshua 24:11 (E), of the high places of Arnon Numbers 21:28 (E), of Shechem Judges 9:2 12t., of the tower of Shechem 9:46-47, of the city 9:51, of Gibeah 20:5, of Keilah 1 Samuel 23:11-12, of Jabesh 2 Samuel 21:12.

4 rulers, lords: גוֺיִם בַּעֲלֵי‎ Isaiah 16:8.

5 n. of relation:

a. ׳ב ׃בַּעַל החלמות‎ dreamer Genesis 37:19 (E); דברים ׳ב‎ whosoever hath cases, complaints Exodus 24:14 (E); ׳ב שׂער‎ an hairy man 2 Kings 1:8; ׳ב חמה‎ wrathful Nahum 1:2; Proverbs 29:22; ׳ב אף‎ one given to anger 22:24; ׳ב החכמה‎ one having wisdom Ecclesiastes 7:12; ׳ב משׁחית‎ destroyer Proverbs 18:9; ׳ב כנף‎ winged thing, bird 1:17; Ecclesiastes 10:20; ׳ב נפשׁ‎ one given to appetite Proverbs 23:2; ׳ב מזמות‎ mischievous person 24:8; ׳ב הלשׁון‎ charmer Ecclesiastes 10:11; ׳ב רשׁע‎ one given to wickedness 8:8; ׳ב פיפיות‎ double-edged Isaiah 41:15; ׳ב משׁפט‎ adversary 50:8; פקדת ׳ב‎ captain of the ward Jeremiah 37:13; ׳ב הקרנים‎ two-horned Daniel 8:6, 20.

b. ׳בּ ׃בַּעֲלֵי בְּדִית‎ confederates Genesis 14:13; ׳ב חצים‎ archers 49:23 (poetry); ׳ב הפרשׁים‎ horsemen 2 Samuel 1:6; ׳ב שׁבועה‎ conspirators Nehemiah 6:18; ׳ב אספות‎ members of assemblies; or well-grouped sayings; or collectors (of wise sentences) Ecclesiastes 12:11. — On 2 Samuel 6:2 see II. בַּעֲלָה‎. (בַּעַל‎ in Hexateuch not J or P; בעל‎ Leviticus 21:4 ᵐ5‎ ἐζάπινα = כבלּע‎ Numbers 4:20: Di בְּאֵבֶל‎). Especially II. lord, specifically as divine name, Baal.

1 without article: בעל במות‎ Numbers 22:41 (poetry Balaam); פעור בעל‎ 25:3, 5 (E) Deuteronomy 4:3 (see below). This divine name is not used elsewhere in Hexateuch It probably originated from the sense of divine ownership, rather than sovereignty (RS^{Sem 92}). It seems to have been used in Northern Israel = אדון‎ in the South. It was the special name of the God of the Canaanites, Philistines, etc., = Babylonian בֵּל‎, compare Schr^{SK 1874, 335 ff.} In later times scribes substituted בּשֶׁת‎, in proper name (ירבשׁת‎ = אשׁבשׁת ירבעל,‎ = אשׁבעל‎, see בּשֶׁת‎, Gei^{ZMG 1862, 728 ff.}), & also in the text for בעל‎ Hosea 9:10; Jeremiah 11:13 (hence ἡ βάαλ 2:23; 7:9; 11:13, 17; 19:5; Hosea 2:10; 13:1 +, Romans 11:4, see Di^{Baal mit d. weib. Art1 Kel, MBA 1881, June 16} Dr 2 Samuel 4:4).

2 with article: הַבַּעַל‎ Judges 2:13; 6:25, 28, 30, 31, 32; 1 Kings 16:31-32, (twice in verse); 18:19, 21, 22, 25, 26 (twice in verse); 18:40; 19:18; 1 Kings 22:54; 2 Kings 3:2; 10:18-19, (twice in verse); 10:20-21, (3 t. in verse); 10:22-23, (3 t. in verse); 10:25-26, 27 (twice in verse); 10:28; 11:18 (twice in verse); 17:16; 21:3; 23:4-5, 2 Chronicles 23:17 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 2:8; 7:9; 11:13, 17; 12:16; 19:5 (twice in verse); 28:13; Jeremiah 28:27; 32:29; 32:35; Hosea 2:10; 13:1; Zephaniah 1:4.

3 הַבְּעָלִים‎ emphatic plural (compare האדונים האלהים,‎) the great lord, the sovereign owner Judges 2:11; 3:7; 8:33; 10:6, 10; 1 Samuel 7:4; 12:10; 1 Kings 18:18; 2 Chronicles 17:3; 24:7; 28:2; 33:3; 34:4; Jeremiah 2:23; 9:13; Hosea 2:15; 2:19; 11:2 (or local special Ba`als, see Dr^{Sm. p. 50}; pillars of Baal MV).

4 with attributive: בְּרִית בַּעַל‎ Lord of convenant Judges 8:33; 9:4 (compare ברית אל‎ 9:46; Nö^{ZMG 1888, 478}); ׳ב זְבוּב‎ Lord of flies 2 Kings 1:2-3, 6, 16, Philistine god, ᵐ5‎ Βααλ μυῖαν (Beelzebub, Matthew 12:24) compare Bae^{Rel 25}.

II. בַּ֫עַל‎ 1. proper name, of a location city in the tribe of Simeon 1 Chronicles 4:33 = בְּאֵר בַּעֲלַת‎.

2. proper name, masculine a. a Reubenite 1 Chronicles 5:5;

b. a Gibeonite 1 Chronicles 8:30; 9:36.