H5437. sabab

סָבַב‎ verb turn about, go around, surround ( Late Hebrew id., Pi`el Hiph`il, and derivatives; Aramaic סוֺבְבָא‎ rim, border; Arabic rope, lock of hair; possibly also II. prepare a means of attaining something Lane¹²⁸⁴); —

Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳ס‎ Ezekiel 42:19 +; 1 singular סַבֹּ֫תִי‎ 1 Samuel 22:22 (but see below), סַבּ֫וֺתִי‎ Ecclesiastes 2:20; 7:25; 3plural סָָֽבְבוּ‎ Joshua 6:15 + 1 Samuel 14:21; 2 Samuel 24:6 (see below), suffix סְבָבוּנִי‎ Psalm 18:6 +, סַבּוּנִי‎ 88:18 2t., סַבֻּנִי‎ 2 Samuel 22:6; 2masculine plural וְסַבֹּתֶם‎ consecutive Joshua 6:3, etc.; Imperfect יָסֹב‎ 1 Kings 7:15 +, suffix יְסֻבֵּנִי‎ Psalm 49:6; oftener יִסֹּב‎ 1 Samuel 5:8 +, וַיִּסֹּב‎ Genesis 42:24 +; 3 masculine plural יָסֹ֫בוּ‎ Job 16:13, וַיָּסֹ֫בוּ‎ Joshua 6:14 +, 3 feminine plural תְּסֻבֶּינָה‎ Genesis 37:7, etc.; Imperative masculine singular סֹב‎ 1 Samuel 22:18, feminine singular סֹ֫בִּי‎ Isaiah 23:16, etc.; Infinitive construct לִסְבֹּב‎ Numbers 21:4, סֹב‎ Deuteronomy 2:3; Participle סוֺבֵב‎ 2 Kings 6:15 +, הַסֹּבֵיב‎ 8:21 (Ginsb הִסְבִּיב‎ Kt, הַסֹּבֵב‎ Qr), etc.; —

1 turn, intransitive (Imperfect of form יִסֹּב‎ in this sense only):

a. turn about, often as preliminary to something else 1 Samuel 15:12, 27 (followed by infinitive), 1 Chronicles 16:43 (id.; וַ֫יָּשָׁב‎ in "" 2 Samuel 6:20) + 1 Samuel 14:21 (read גַם סָֽבְבוּ‎ for ᵑ9 ᵑ6 ᵐ5 וְגַם, סָבִיב ᵑ0‎ Th We, etc.), Jeremiah 41:14 a (+ שׁוב‎ v^b, but ᵐ5‎ omits v^a compare Gie), Ecclesiastes 1:6 (twice in verse); of door, Proverbs 26:14 turn on (עַל‎) its hinge (compare Niph`al Ezekiel 26:2); turn (toward one) 1 Samuel 22:17-18, (twice in verse); 2 Samuel 18:30 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 2:17 (see Bu); also with אֶלֿ‎ 2 Samuel 14:24 (twice in verse); + 24:6 (read סָֽבְבוּ‎ for סָבִיב‎ We Dr Bu Kit HPS; Klo יָסֹבוּ‎, compare Löhr), Ezekiel 42:19; Ecclesiastes 1:6, אֶלאַֿחֲרָ֑י‎ 2 Kings 9:18-19, of cup of ׳י‎, it shall come round unto (עַלֿ‎, with hostile implication; עַל עָבַר‎ Lamentations 4:22) Habakkuk 2:16; of Jordan, turn לְאָחוֺר‎ Psalm 114:3; 114:5; turn about from (מֵעַל‎) Genesis 42:24, (מִן‎) 1 Samuel 18:11, + אֶלֿ‎ 17:30; so of inheritance Numbers 36:7 it shall not go about from (מִן‎) tribe to (אֶלֿ‎) tribe, also 36:9 (לְ‎ for אֶלֿ‎); compare (absolute) לְאָתִי וַתְּהִי הַמְּלוּכָה וַתִּסֹּב‎ 1 Kings 2:15 (compare Hiph`il 1 b); = be brought round, with accusative of location 1 Samuel 5:8 (of ark).

b. turn = change, only Zechariah 14:10 (of land, changed like [כְּ‎, i.e. into] a plain), compare Hiph`il 1 c. c. figurative turn (in a new direction) to do something (infinitive) Ecclesiastes 2:20; 7:25. — Psalm 71:21 is dubious; Bae reads וְתָשֻׁב‎ for וְתִסֹּב‎ after ᵑ9 ᵑ6 ᵐ5‎; Hup-Now Che and others below

a. above: turn, comfort me. — Job 10:8 read תִּסֹּב אַחַר‎ for סביב יחד ᵑ0‎ De and others

2. a. march, or walk, around, with accusative (city) Joshua 6:3-4, 7, 14, 15 (twice in verse) (all J E), Psalm 48:13; possibly also נָסֹב‎ 1 Samuel 16:11 (of marching about altar? so HPS; turn to do something else Th), but compare תסוב‎ Ecclus 32:1sit about a table (see Schechter^{BS p. 56, and} compare מֵסַב‎), or read נֵשֵׁב‎ Weir in Dr Kit Bu Löhr (perhaps).

b. go partly round, circle about, skirt, with accusative (land) Numbers 21:4 (JE) Judges 11:18, also Deuteronomy 2:1, 3; of rivers Genesis 2:11, 13.

c. make a round, or circuit, go about to, with accusative of location 1 Samuel 7:16; go about in (בְּ‎) 2 Chronicles 17:9, compare also (with בְּ‎) 23:2; Song of Solomon 3:5; 5:7; Ecclesiastes 12:5, so with accusative Isaiah 23:16; = make a circuitous march 2 Kings 3:9 (with accusative דֶּרֶךְ‎). — See also 2 Samuel 5:23; 1 Chronicles 14:14 Hiph`il 2 a. d. surround, encompass, absolute Genesis 37:7 (E); with accusative Job 40:22; with hostile purpose, 2 Kings 6:15; Ecclesiastes 9:14 (both of siege), compare 2 Kings 3:25; accusative omitted Judges 16:2, compare 2 Samuel 18:15; with accusative of thing + עַלֿ‎ person Judges 20:5; with עַלֿ‎ person alone Job 16:13; 2 Chronicles 18:31; with אֶלֿ‎ person 2 Kings 8:21 2 Chronicles 21:9; often figurative in poetry, with accusative Hosea 7:2; 2 Samuel 22:6 = Psalm 18:6; 22:13; 22:17; 49:6; 88:18; 118:10; 118:11 (twice in verse); 118:12; so also 17:11 (Kt סְבָבוּנִי‎, Qr סְבָבוּנוּ‎; on text see especially Hup-Now); literally of cord surrounding (measuring circumference of), with accusative 1 Kings 7:15 = Jeremiah 52:21; 1 Kings 7:23 2 Chronicles 4:2; of ornaments, etc., surrounding something (accusative) 1 Kings 7:24; 2 Chronicles 4:3; surround one with something (2 accusative) 1 Kings 5:17; Psalm 109:3; accusative + בְּ‎ instrumental Hosea 12:1; ׳ס לָעֹפֶל‎2 Chronicles 33:14 (i.e. build a wall around it). — 1 Samuel 22:22 read חַבְתִּי‎ (√ חוּב‎), ᵑ6 ᵐ5‎ Th We Dr Kit Bu Löhr HPS.

Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נָסַב‎ Joshua 15:3 +; 3 feminine singular נָסֵ֫בָּה‎ Ezekiel 26:2 (Ges^{§ 67t} St^{§ 410 b} Kö^{i. 342}); וְנָָֽסְבָה‎ 41:7 (but read וְנוֺסְפָה‎ Ew Sm Co Toy^Hpt, compare Berthol); 3 plural נָסַ֫בּוּ‎ Genesis 19:4 +; Imperfect3masculine plural יִסַּ֫בּוּ‎ Ezekiel 1:9 5t.; —

1. a. turn oneself against (עַלֿ‎), close round upon (עַל‎) Genesis 19:4 (J) Joshua 7:9 (JE); with accusative Judges 19:22.

b. turn round (from a direct course), of wheels Ezekiel 1:9, 12, 17; 10:11 (twice in verse), also 10:16 (but dubious, Co ישׁבו‎, Toy^Hpt leave, Symm ἀπελείποντο); אֵלַי נָסֵ֫בָּה‎ 26:2 of Jerusalem under figure of door (Sm Co Berthol Toy^Hpt).

c. especially of boundary (Hexateuch only P): turn round from (מִן‎), toward (לְ‎) Numbers 34:4, + ה‎ locative Joshua 18:14; with מִן‎ + ה‎ locative + אֶלֿ‎ 15:10; with מִן‎ alone Numbers 34:5; with ה‎ locative alone Jeremiah 31:39; Joshua 15:3; 16:6; circle about, skirt, with accusative 19:14.

2 passive be turned over to (לְ‎), into the power of, Jeremiah 6:12.

Pi`el Infinitiveconstruct הַדָּבָר אֶתמְּֿנֵי סַבֵּב‎ 2 Samuel 14:20 to change, transform, the aspect of the matter.

Po`. Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יְסֹבְבֵנִי‎ Jonah 2:4; 2:6, יְסֹבְבֶנְהוּ‎ Deuteronomy 32:10, יְסוֺבְבֶנּוּ‎ Psalm 32:10; 3feminine singular תְּסוֺבֵב‎ Jeremiah 31:22, etc.; — encompass, surround (in poetry and chiefly late): —

1 encompass (with protection), with accusative Deuteronomy 32:10 ( ׳י‎ subject), with 2 accusative יְסוֺבְבֶנּוּ חֶסֶד‎ Psalm 32:10, compare 32:7 (but 2nd object here dubious); similarly גָּ֑בֶר תְּסוֺבֵב נְקֵבָה‎ Jeremiah 31:22 i.e. either shall protect (so most) or (Che, compare Gf) the woman (figurative of Israel), instead of holding aloof (הַשּׁוֺבֵבָה הַבַּת‎ 31:22), will, in the new future which ׳י‎ creates, with affection press round her divine husband.

2 come about, assemble round (accusative of person ׳י‎) Psalm 7:8.

3 march or go about, city (accusative) Psalm 55:11; 59:7; 59:15; altar (in solemn procession) 26:6; go about in (בְּ‎) city Song of Solomon 3:2.

4 enclose, envelop, with accusative of person Jonah 2:4; 2:6 (of waters).

Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הֵסֵב‎ 2 Kings 16:18 +; 2 masculine singular הֲסִבֹּ֫תָ‎ 1 Kings 18:37; 3plural הֵסַ֫בּוּ‎ 1 Samuel 5:9-10, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיַּסֵּב‎ Exodus 13:18 +, suffix וַיְסִבֵּ֫נִי‎ Ezekiel 47:2-3;masculine plural וַיַּסֵּ֫בּוּ‎ Judges 18:23 2t.; 1 plural נָסֵב‎2 Chronicles 14:6, cohortative נָסֵ֫בָּה‎ 1 Chronicles 13:3; Imperative masculine singular הָסֵב‎ 2 Samuel 5:23; 1 Chronicles 14:14 (but see below); feminine singular הָסֵ֫בִּי‎ Song of Solomon 6:5; Infinitive construct הָסֵב‎ 2 Samuel 3:12; 1 Chronicles 12:33; Participle מֵסֵב‎ Jeremiah 21:4; perhaps also plural suffix מְסִבָּ֑י‎ Psalm 140:10 (Ginsb); —

1. a. turn (transitive), cause to turn: turn face (accusative) Judges 18:23; 1 Kings 8:14 2 Chronicles 6:3 (all = turn toward); = turn round face 1 Kings 21:4, + אֶלהַֿקִּיר‎ 2 Kings 20:2 = Isaiah 38:2; + מִן‎ Ezekiel 7:22 (subject ׳י‎), 2 Chronicles 29:6 (of neglect), 35:22 (of avoiding battle); turn away eyes from (מִן‎), Song of Solomon 6:5; turn (back), change heart 1 Kings 18:37 (recall from apostasy; + אֲחֹרַנִּית‎), Ezra 6:22 (+ עַלֿ‎); turn back, reverse (weapons) Jeremiah 21:4.

b. bring over (i.e. to allegiance), with accusative + אֶלֿ‎ person, 2 Samuel 3:12; 1 Chronicles 12:24 (van d. H. v.12:23); of ׳י‎, turn over kingdom to (לְ‎) 10:14 (compare Qal 1 a, 1 Kings 2:15).

c. turn into, of changing name, 2 accusative 2 Kings 23:24 2 Chronicles 36:4; 2 Kings 24:14.

d. = bring round, with accusative 1 Samuel 5:8-9, + מִן‎ 2 Samuel 20:12; + אֶלֿ‎ 1 Samuel 5:10; 1 Chronicles 13:3; + accusative of location 2 Kings 16:18 (sense obscure).

2. a. cause to go around: of carrying ark around city (2 accusative) Joshua 6:11 (J E; but

Qal ᵑ9 ᵑ6 ᵐ5‎); lead round , i.e. by a round-about way, accusative of person + accusative דֶּרֶךְ‎ Exodus 13:18 (E) Ezekiel 47:2; with accusative + infinitive of purpose 2 Chronicles 13:13; accusative omitted, lead round toward (אֶלֿ‎) 2 Samuel 5:23, away from (מֵעַלֿ‎) "" 1 Chronicles 14:14 (where, however, perhaps read as Samuel, so Be Öttli, and, in both, סֹב‎ for הָסֵב‎ Dr Kit^Kau Hpt Bu HPS Löhr).

b. surround with (accusative) wall, 2 Chronicles 14:6 (accusative of city omitted).

c. perhaps also encompass (as foe), מְסִבָּ֑י‎ Psalm 140:10 those encompassing me (others below מֵסַב‎ below).

Hoph`al Imperfect3masculine singular יוּסָּ֑ב‎ Isaiah 28:27; Participle feminine plural construct מֻסַבֹּת‎ Exodus 28:11; 39:6; מוּסַבֹּת‎ 39:13; Numbers 32:38 (see below); מוּסַבּוֺת‎ Ezekiel 41:24; —

1 be turned, of cart wheel, with עַלֿ‎ upon, over; דְּלָתוֺת מוּסַבּוֺת‎ Ezekiel 41:24 participle apparently as gerundive, that can be turned, movable (Ges^{§ 116e}; Co reads מ ׳צלעות‎, compare Toy^Hpt); ׳מוּס שֵׁם‎ Numbers 32:38 turned (i.e. changed) as to name, but gloss, see Di.

2 surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels (participle construct) Exodus 28:11; 39:6, 13 (all P).