H2320. chodesh

I. חֹ֫דֶשׁ‎₂₈₂ noun masculine^{Genesis 7:11} (feminine ᵑ0‎ 38:24 but masculine Sam Di) (newness), new moon, month (on formation compare Lg^{BN 144}; on usage, names, etc., Muss-Arn^{JBL 1892, 72 ff., 160 ff.}) — ׳ח‎ absolute 7:11 +; construct (rare) 29:14 +; suffix חָדְשׁוֺ‎ Numbers 28:14 2t.; חָדְשָׁהּ‎ Hosea 2:13; Jeremiah 2:24; plural חֳדָשִׁים‎ Genesis 38:24 +; construct חָדְשֵׁי‎ Exodus 12:2 2t.; suffix חֳדָשָׁיו‎ Job 14:5 2t.; חָדְשֵׁיכֶם‎ Isaiah 1:14; Numbers 28:11; חָדְשֵׁכֶם‎ 10:10; —

1 new moon = day, time, of new moon, as religious festival 1 Samuel 20:5, 18, 24, 27, 34 (Dr); compare ח ׳יאֹכְלֵם‎ Hosea 5:7 a new moon shall devour them, Hi St VB, but on text see We; usually "" שַׁבָּת‎ Amos 8:5; 2 Kings 4:23; Isaiah 1:13 (+ מִקְרָא קְרֹא‎), בְּחָדְשׁוֺ חֹדֶשׁ מִדֵּי‎ 66:23, Ezekiel 46:1, 6 (both הַח ׳יוֺם‎), 1 Chronicles 23:31; 2 Chronicles 2:3; 8:13; 31:3; Nehemiah 10:34 (all + מוֺעֵד‎), Hosea 2:13; Ezekiel 45:17 (both + מועד חג,‎); "" מוֺעֵד‎ alone Isaiah 1:14; Ezekiel 3:5; "" חַגֵּנוּ יוֺם‎ Psalm 81:4; (compare הַח ׳ראֹשׁ‎ Numbers 10:10; 28:11; on religious observance of new moon compare Di^{Lv p. 578 f} Benz^{Archäol. § 69}); as time of augury in Babylon (astrological prognostication) Isaiah 47:13.

2 month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; compare Benz^{Archäol. § 30}, but then, without reference to day of beginning);

a. as measure of time during which Genesis 38:24 (J), Numbers 11:20-21, (JE), 9:22 (P), Judges 11:37-38, 39; 20:47; 1 Samuel 6:1; 27:7; 2 Samuel 2:11; 5:5; 6:11; 24:8, 13 = 1 Chronicles 21:12; Amos 4:7; 1 Kings 4:7; 5:7; 1 Kings 5:28 (3 t. in verse); 11:16; 2 Kings 15:8; 23:31; 24:8; Ezekiel 39:12, 14; 1 Chronicles 3:4; 13:14; 2 Chronicles 36:2, 9; Esther 2:12 (3 t. in verse). In 1 Samuel 10:27b read probably כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ‎ for כמחרישׁ ᵑ0‎, and join to 11:1, so ᵐ5‎ We Dr (compare Genesis 38:24); in combinations, ׳ח יָמִים‎ a month (of) time (compare ימים יֶרַח‎ Deuteronomy 21:1; 2 Kings 15:13) Genesis 29:14 (J), Numbers 11:20, 26 (JE), ח ארבעה ׳ימים‎ Judges 19:2; of age ׳מִסְמַּרחֿ‎ number of his months =length of his life Job 14:5; 21:21; compare especially ׳בֶּןחֿ‎ Leviticus 27:6; Numbers 3:15, 22, 28, 34, 39, 40, 43; 18:16; 26:22 (all P).

b. calendar months, (1) with names ׳ח הָאָבִיב‎ Exodus 13:4; 23:15; 34:18 (twice in verse) (all J E; = 1st month 12:2 P), Deuteronomy 16:11; ׳ח זִו‎ 1 Kings 6:1 ( = 2nd mo. ib.; = זִו יֶרַח‎ 6:37); compare 8:2 (׳הַח הַשְּׁבִיעִי‎ = הָאֵתָנִים יֶרַךְ‎), 6:38 (׳הַח הַשְּׁמִינִי‎ = בּוּל יֶרַח‎); in the post-exilic books occur Babylonian names (see the several words): — ׳ח נִיסָן‎ Nehemiah 2:1; Esther 3:7 ( = 1st mo. 3:7); ׳ח סִיוָן‎ 8:9 = 3rd mo.; ׳ח כִּסְלֵו‎ Zechariah 7:1; Nehemiah 1:1 ( = 9th mo. Zechariah 7:1); ׳ח טֵבֵ֑ת‎ Esther 2:16 = 10th mo.; ׳ח שְׁבָט‎ Zechariah 1:7 = 11th mo.; ׳ח אֲדָר‎ Esther 3:7, 13; 8:12; 9:1 in all = 12th mo., 9:15, 17, 19, 21; (compare also אֱלוּל‎ Nehemiah 6:15, without ׳ח‎ or יֶרַךְ‎; this was 6th mo.; see further Schr^{COT 1:1} Benz^l.c.). (2) merely numbered (chiefly P and late) e.g. ׳בַּח הַשֵּׁנִי‎ Genesis 7:11, compare 8:4-5, 14; Leviticus 16:29; Numbers 1:1, 18 (all P) + often P; Deuteronomy 1:3 (P), 1 Kings 12:32; 12:33; 1Ki 25:1; 1Ki 25:3; 1Ki 25:8; 1Ki 25:25; 1Ki 25:27; Jeremiah 1:3 11t. Jeremiah; Ezekiel 24:1; 32:1; Haggai 1:1, 15; Zechariah 1:1; 7:1, 13; 1 Chronicles 12:15, compare entire list 27:2-15; 2 Chronicles 3:2 12t. 2 Chronicles; Ezra 3:1 10t. Ezra; Nehemiah 7:72; 8:2, 14; Esther 3:12; note especially ׳הַח לָכֶם הוּא רִאשׁוֺן חָדָשִׁ֑ים ראֹשׁ לָכֶם הַזֶּה‎ Exodus 12:2 (P), as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring; observe also usage of omitting ׳ח‎, e.g. בָּרִאשׁוֺן‎ = ׳בַּח ׳הָר‎ Genesis 8:13, compare 8:5; so commonly in Ezek.: — Ezekiel 1:1; 8:1; 20:1; 29:1, 17; 30:20; 31:1; 33:21; 45:18, 21, 25 + 26:1; 32:17; 45:20 Co; (׳ח‎ sometimes expressed, see 24:1; 32:1 above; on like usage with יום‎ see יום‎). (3) special phrases and usages are: — שָׁנָה לְחָדְשֵׁי בְּחָדְשׁוֺ חֹדֶשׁ עֹלַת‎ Numbers 28:14 (P; compare יום‎, and Isaiah 66:23 above

1); לְחֹדֶשׁ וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְיוֺם מִיּוֺם‎ Esther 3:7 from day to day and from month to month; חָדְשָׁהּ‎ Jeremiah 2:24 of wild she-ass's mating time.