H7592. shaal

שָׁאַל‎ verb ask, inquire (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian ša°âlu, Arabic , Ethiopic Sabean מסאל‎ request petition, Hom^Chrest.124 Levy-Os^{ZMG xix(1865), 165}; Aramaic , שְׁאֵיל‎; Old Aramaic Zinjirli שאל‎ Ldzb³⁷¹, Nabataean Hiph`il lend Id^ib.; — on ׳שׁ‎ compare Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 82 ff.}); —

Qal Perfect3masculine singular׳שׁ‎ Judges 5:25 +, שָׁאָ֑ל‎ 8:26 2t.; consecutive לוֺ וְשָׁ֫אַל‎ Numbers 27:21; suffix וּשְׁאֵלְךָ‎ consecutive Genesis 32:18 (Ges^{§ 64f}), וּשְׁאֵלֵךְ‎ consecutive Judges 4:20; 1singular suffix שְׁאִלְתִּיו‎ 1 Samuel 1:20, שְׁאִלְתִּיהוּ‎ Judges 13:16; 3plural suffix שְׁאֵלוּנוּ‎ Psalm 137:3; 2masculine plural שְׁאֶלְתֶּם‎ 1 Samuel 12:13 (strike out ᵐ5‎ Th We Dr and most), Job 21:29, וּשְׁאֶלָתֶּםֿ‎ consecutive 1 Samuel 25:5, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁאַל‎ Exodus 22:13 + ,etc.; Imperative שְׁאַל‎ Isaiah 7:11 +, שְׁאָלוּנִי‎ 45:11 ( < תִּשְׁאְֵלוּנִי‎ Weir Che and others), etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁאוֺל‎ Genesis 43:7 +; construct לִשְׁאֹל‎ Judges 1:14 +, etc.; Participle active שֹׁאֵל‎ 2 Samuel 3:13 +, feminine singular שֹׁאֶלֶת‎ 1 Kings 2:20, 22, masculine plural הַשֹּׁאֲלִים‎ 1 Samuel 8:10; passive שָׁאוּל‎ 1:28; 2 Kings 6:5; —

1. a. ask, ask for, accusative of thing (or person) Judges 5:25; 8:26; 1 Kings 3:10; Psalm 122:6 (= pray for) +; ׳שׁ לָמוּת אֶתנַֿפְשׁוֺ‎ 1 Kings 19:4; Jonah 4:8, i. e. pray for death, but Job 31:30 demand the life of another בְּאָלָה‎ by a curse; with ל‎ person 1 Kings 2:22 (twice in verse) + (ל‎ person reflexive) 1 Samuel 12:17, 19 +; with מִן‎ person Judges 8:24 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb), Ezra 8:22; Zechariah 10:1+; followed by infinitive 1 Kings 3:11; followed by clause ׳שׁ אֶתֶּןלָֽֿךְ׃ מָה‎ 3:5 2 Chronicles 1:7, compare 2 Kings 2:9; with accusative + מֵאֵת‎ person 1 Samuel 8:10; Psalm 27:4(from ׳י‎) +; + מֵעִם‎ person Isaiah 7:11 (from ׳י‎) +; with accusative of person (from whom) + of thing Psalm 137:3; accusative omitted Isaiah 7:12; 1 Samuel 12:20; 1 Kings 2:20, with מִן‎ person Psalm 2:8; absolute Micah 7:3; Psalm 105:40 (of prayer); לִשְׁאוֺל הִקְשִׁיתָ‎ 2 Kings 2:10, i.e. thou hast asked for a difficult thing. — 1 Samuel 2:20 see

Hiph`il b. specifically ask as a favour, for temporary use, i.e. borrow (compare לָוָה‎, as matter of business, see Bu<sup>1 Samuel 1:28</sup>), Exodus 22:13 (E; accusative of thing + מֵעִם‎ person), 2 Kings 4:3 (accusative of thing + מִן‎ of source + ל‎ person reflexive), 6:5 (passive participle absolute); so also (according to many), with accusative of thing Exodus 3:22( + מִן‎ person), 11:2; 12:35 (both + מֵאֵת‎ person; all E), — it is, however, not clear that there was any pretext of mere temporary use; passive participle לי ׳שָׁאוּל‎ 1 Samuel 1:28 (lent, granted,) made over to ׳י‎ (in effect passive of Hiph`il, q. v.).

c. in weakened sense, seek, desire (late), with accusative 2 Chronicles 11:23; Ecclesiastes 2:10 (subject עֵינַי‎); Proverbs 20:4 in harvest he shall look [for a crop], וָאָ֑יִן‎ and there shall be none.

2. a. inquire of, with accusative of person + לֵאמֹר‎ before inquiry Genesis 32:18 (E), 44:19 (J) +; with וְאָמַר‎ Judges 4:20, וַיּאִמֶר‎, etc., Genesis 24:47(J), Jeremiah 37:13; followed by וְאָמַר‎ without accusative of person Genesis 32:30 (J), compare 1 Samuel 19:22, followed by לֵאמֹר‎ Joshua 4:6 (JE); with accusative of person + עַל‎ of thing Nehemiah 1:2; עַל‎ of thing alone, Ecclesiastes 7:10 ( + מֵחָכְמָה‎, i. e. prompted by wisdom); with accusative of person + of thing (about which) 2 Samuel 14:18; Isaiah 45:11 4t.; accusative of person + indirect question Judges 13:6; with accusative of person only, 8:14; 1 Samuel 25:8; Deuteronomy 32:7 +, inquire of beasts (accusative) Job 12:7; with accusative of thing only, Jeremiah 50:5; with ל‎ person = accusative 2 Kings 8:6 (Kö^{Synt. § 289 h}); with ל‎ of thing about which Genesis 26:7 (J), 32:30 (J), Judges 13:18; 2 Samuel 11:7; Jeremiah 6:16; Job 8:8, also ( + לאמר‎ before the inquiry) Genesis 43:7 (J), and (followed by direct question) Deuteronomy 4:32; with ל‎ person about whom, Genesis 43:27 (J), compare phrase of greeting, ׳שׁ לְשָׁלוֺם לְרֵעֵהוּ אִישׁ‎ Exodus 18:7 (E) ask each for (or about) his fellow as to welfare, compare Judges 18:15; 1 Samuel 10:4; 17:22; 25:5; 30:21 [read ᵑ6 ᵐ5 לוֺ וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ‎ We Dr HPS Bu] 2 Samuel 8:10; Jeremiah 15:5; 1 Chronicles 18:10; followed by direct question only, 1 Samuel 17:56; Jeremiah 18:13 (with ב‎ location), followed by indirect question only (c.אִם‎) 30:6; ׳פ ׳שׁ אֶתמִּֿי‎ Genesis 24:57(J); absolute make inquiry Deuteronomy 13:15 ( + חָקַר דָּרַשׁ,‎).

b. inquire of, consult, deity, oracle, etc. (Jastr^{JBL xix (1900) 88 ff.}), followed by accusative י ׳מִּי‎ Joshua 9:14 (JE), Isaiah 30:2 ׳י‎ 65:1 ("" בִּקֵּשׁ‎); elsewhere in Hexateuch only (accusative omitted), Numbers 27:21 (P; with ל‎ person for whom, + ב‎ instrumental), compare Joshua 19:50; also ׳שׁ אוֺב‎ Deuteronomy 18:11 (participle as substantive; Jäger^{BAS ii. 292} compare Assyrian maššaku ša šâ°ili, i. e. skin-vessel of the oracle-seeker, compare Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 96 ff.}); with accusative of human agent 1 Samuel 28:16; Jeremiah 38:14, 27; usually (ancient usage, chiefly Judges, Samuel) ׳שׁ ׳בי לֵאמֹר‎ (בְּ‎ perhaps originally local, so GFM, or instrumental), Judges 1:1; 20:23; 1 Samuel 23:2; 30:8; 2 Samuel 2:1; 5:19 = 1 Chronicles 14:10; לֵאמֹר‎ omitted 1 Samuel 10:22 (followed by direct question), 22:10 (ל‎ person for whom), 23:4; 28:6; 2 Samuel 5:23 = 1 Chronicles 14:14; Judges 20:27; ׳שׁ בֵּאלֹהִים‎ 18:5; 20:18; 1 Samuel 14:37; (followed by direct question), also (ל‎ person for whom), 22:13, 15; הָא ׳בִּדְבַר ׳שׁ‎ 2 Samuel 16:23; likewise ׳שׁ בְּעֵצוֺ‎ Hosea 4:12 (i.e. his idol), בַּתְּרָפִים‎ Ezekiel 21:26, בָּאוֺב‎ 1 Chronicles 10:13; perhaps = receive as oracle Deuteronomy 18:16 (י ׳מֵעִם‎, Jastr^l.c.

Niph`al ask for oneself (Ges^{§ 51e}), specifically ask leave of absence, with מִן‎ person: Perfect3masculine singular + Infinitive absolute נִשְׁאַל נִשְׁאֹל‎ 1 Samuel 20:6 (followed by infinitive), 20:28 (followed by עַד‎; ? insert ל‎ infinitive HPS); Perfect1singular מִןהַֿמֶּלֶךְ נִשְׁאַלְתִּי‎ Nehemiah 13:6 (absolute).

Pi`el 1. inquire carefully: Imperfect3masculine plural +

Qal Infinitive absolute יְשָֽׁאֲלוּ שָׁאוֺל‎ 2 Samuel 20:18 (Bu proposes

Qal Imperfect יִשְׁאֲלוּ‎), with ב‎ location; on following context see We Dr HPS Bu.

2 beg, practise beggary, ,Perfect3plural וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ‎ (consecutive) Psalm 109:10.

Hiph`il (properly let one ask [successfully], give, or lend, on request, then) grant, make over to (as a favour, with or without request): Perfect1singular suffix ׳לי הִשְׁאִלְתִּהוּ‎ 1 Samuel 1:28 I have made him over to ׳י‎ (compare Dr HPS Bu and

Qal Passive participle, ib.); perhaps also read 3 feminine singular לי ׳הִשְׁאִילָה‎ 1 Samuel 2:20 (whom) she hath made over to ׳י‎ (for לי ׳שָׁאַל‎) Bu HPS (after ᵐ5‎. in part; other conjectures in Dr); Imperfect3masculine plural suffix of thing וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם‎ Exodus 12:36 (E) and they handed them over.

שְׁאֵל‎ verb ask (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ‎ Daniel 2:10; plural שְׁאֵ֫לְנָא‎ Ezra 5:9-10, Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יִשְׁאֲלֶנְכוֺ‎ 7:21; Participle active שָׁאֵל‎ Daniel 2:11, 27; —

1 ask for, request, accusative of thing Daniel 2:10 (ל‎ person), 2:11; 2:27; Ezra 7:21 (suffix person).

2 inquire about, for, accusative of thing Ezra 5:9 (ל‎ person); followed by oratio recta [direct speech] 5:10 (id.).