H2015. haphak

הָפַךְ‎ verb turn, overturn (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic הֲפַךְ‎, , Arabic W^{SG 47}, Assyrian abâku, apâku Dl^W) —

Qal Perfect Leviticus 13:3 13t.; וְהָפַךְ‎ consecutive 2 Kings 21:13; Job 34:25; 3masculine plural הָֽפְכוּ‎ Psalm 78:9; הֲפַכְתֶּם‎ Amos 6:12; Jeremiah 23:36, etc.; Imperfect יַהֲפֹךְ‎ Lamentations 3:3; Jeremiah 13:23; וַיַּהֲפֹךְ‎ Genesis 19:25 6t.; וַיַּהֲפָךְֿ‎ 1 Samuel 10:9; suffix וַיַּהַפְכֵהוּ‎ Judges 7:13; 3feminine singular וַתַּהֲפֹךְ‎2 Chronicles 9:12; אֶהְמֹּךְ‎ Zephaniah 3:9; וַיַּהַפְכוּ‎ 1 Samuel 25:12; Job 12:15; Imperative הֲפֹךְ‎ 1 Kings 22:34 2 Chronicles 18:33; Infinitive absolute הָפוֺךְ‎ Proverbs 12:7; construct הֲפֹךְ‎ Genesis 19:29; 1 Chronicles 19:3; suffix הָפְכִּי‎ Genesis 19:21; הָפְכָהּ‎ 2 Samuel 10:3; — on הַפְכְּכֶם‎ (so Baer, q. v.) Isaiah 29:16, see הֶפֶךְ‎; Participle active הֹפֵךְ‎ Amos 5:8; הַהֹפְכִי‎ Psalm 114:8; plural הַהֹפְכִים‎ Amos 5:7; passive הֲפוּכָה‎ Hosea 7:8; Lamentations 4:6. — 1 transitive

a. turn, turn about, turn over, with accusative: e.g. turn the back (עֹרֶף‎) Joshua 7:8 (JE); a dish (צַלַּחַת‎) עַלמָּֿנֶיהָ‎ 2 Kings 21:13; the hand, & so the horses of a chariot 1 Kings 22:34 2 Chronicles 18:33; 2 Kings 9:23; but also (followed by בְּ‎) of hostility Lamentations 3:3; turn a cake (passive) Hosea 7:8; of ׳ה בְּרוּרָה שָׂפָה ׳י,‎ Zephaniah 3:9 i.e. restore speech of a pure kind, followed by אֶלעַֿמִּים‎; אַחֵר לֵב‎ 1 Samuel 10:9 another heart, followed by לוֺ‎; turn a wind (רוּחַ‎; i.e. bring from different quarter) Exodus 10:19 (J).

b. overturn, overthrow, followed by accusative Sodom, etc., Genesis 19:21, 25, 29 (J), Deuteronomy 29:22; Jeremiah 20:16; Lamentations 4:6 (compare וגו ׳מַהְמֵּכַת‎ Amos 4:11 see below; also הֲפֵכָה‎, [מַהְמֵּכָה‎]); city of Ammon 2 Samuel 10:3 = 1 Chronicles 19:3 (object omitted); mountains Job 9:5; 28:9; throne Haggai 2:22 ("" הִשְׁמִיד‎), chariots 2:22; tent (אֹהֶל‎), ׳ה לְמַ֫עְלָה‎ Judges 7:3; object earth (׳ה‎ = devastate) Job 12:15; wicked men Amos 4:11 (וְאֶתֿ אֶתסְֿדֹם אֱלֹהִים כְּמַהְמֵּכַת בָּכֶם הָפַכְּתִּי יֲמֹרָה‎) Proverbs 12:7; Job 34:25 (object omitted).

c. turn = change, transform (1) followed by accusative = alter; a colour (עֵינוֺ‎) Leviticus 13:55 (P); skin Jeremiah 13:33; bed (מִשְׁכָּבוֺ‎ see ׳מ‎; Che his lying down) Psalm 41:4 i.e. restore to health; (2) pervert אֱלֹהִים דִבְרֵי‎ Jeremiah 23:36; (3) followed by accusative with Infinitive Psalm 105:25 he turned their heart to hate his people; (4) turn to, into, followed by two accusative Leviticus 13:10; Psalm 114:8 rock into pool of water; usually followed by accusative + לְ‎, 66:6 sea into dry land, 78:44 rivers into blood, compare 105:29; Jeremiah 31:13 mourning into joy, so Psalm 30:12; Amos 5:7 justice into wormwood, compare 6:12; 8:10 feasts into mourning; Deuteronomy 23:6 = Nehemiah 13:2 curse into blessing; Amos 5:8 death-shade into morning.

2 intransitive

a. turn, turn back, Judges 20:39, 41; 2 Kings 5:26; Psalm 78:9; 2 Chronicles 9:12; followed by לדרך‎ 1 Samuel 25:12;

b. turn = change, change into, followed by predicate adjective ׳ה לָבָן‎ turn white Leviticus 13:3-4, 13, 20 (all P).

Niph`al Perfect נֶהְמַּךְ‎ Exodus 7:15 10t.; נֶהְמָּ֑ךְ‎ Job 20:14; וְנֶהְמַּךְ‎ consecutive Leviticus 13:16; נֶהֶפְכָה‎ Lamentations 5:2-3;masculine plural נֶהְמְּכוּ‎ Job 19:19 3t., נֶהֶפְכוּ‎ 1 Samuel 4:19; Daniel 10:16, וְנֶהֶפְכוּ‎ consecutive Exodus 7:17; Isaiah 34:9, etc.; Imperfect יֵהָפֵךְ‎ 60:5; Joel 3:4; וַיֵּהָפֵךְ‎ Exodus 14:5; Isaiah 63:10; 2masculine singular תֵּהָפֵךְ‎ Job 30:21; Ezekiel 4:8; וַיֵּהָֽפְכוּ‎ Exodus 7:20; Infinitive absolute נַהֲפוֺךְ‎ Esther 9:1; Participle נֶהְמָּךְ‎ Proverbs 17:20; נֶהְמָּ֑כֶת‎ Jonah 3:4; —

1 reflexive & intrans.

a. turn oneself, turn, turn back (compare Qal 2 a) Joshua 8:20 (JE); turn aside Psalm 78:57; turn from side to side Ezekiel 4:8; pains turned upon (עַל‎) her 1 Samuel 4:19 (i.e. came suddenly upon her) compare Daniel 10:16; turn against followed by בְּ‎ Job 19:19; turn to (ward), followed by עַל‎, Isaiah 60:5 ("" לְ בא‎).

b. turn = change (oneself) followed by predicate adjective Leviticus 13:25 (P); followed by predicate noun (?), vine turns into degenerate plant Jeremiah 2:21; no predicate expressed Job 20:14 (compare v^b); of heart turned in compassion Hosea 11:8 ("" נִחוּמָ֑י נִכְמְרוּ‎), in sorrow, distress, Lamentations 1:20; of heart changed, so as to be favourably disposed toward (followed by אֶל‎) Exodus 14:5 (J) = change of mind; followed by לְ‎, of plague spots changing colour Leviticus 13:16-17, (P); rod changing to serpent Exodus 7:15 (P); faces to paleness Jeremiah 30:6; dance to mourning Lamentations 5:15; comeliness to corruption Daniel 10:8; לְאוֺיֵב לָהֶם וַיֵּהָפֵךְ‎ Isaiah 63:10; Job 30:21.

c. be perverse, only participle used substantive בִּלְשׁוֺנוֺ נֶהְמָּךְ‎ Proverbs 17:20 he that is perverse with his tongue. 2 passive,

a. be turned, turned over to followed by לְ‎, an inheritance to strangers Lamentations 5:2.

b. be reversed Esther 9:1.

c. be turned, changed, followed by לְ‎, waters into blood Exodus 7:17, 20 (E); Saul into another man 1 Samuel 10:6; streams into pitch Isaiah 34:9; sun to darkness Joel 3:4; stones to chaff Job 41:20; month changed from sorrow to gladness Esther 9:22; compare Psalm 32:4 where complement omitted

d. be overturned, overthrown, of city Nineveh Jonah 3:4.

e. be upturned, of subterran. work of miners Job 28:5 = there is an upturning.

Hithpa`el Imperfect3feminine singular תִּתְהַמֵּךְ‎ Job 38:14; Participle מִתְהַמֵּךְ‎ Judges 7:13; Job 37:12; מִתְהַמֶּכֶת‎ Genesis 3:24; — reflexive & intransitive:

1 turn this way & that, every way, of the flaming sword Genesis 3:24 (J); storm-cloud Job 37:12; turn over & over Judges 7:13, of bread-cake tumbling into the host of Midian.

2 transform oneself, Job 38:14 of earth under rising dawn.

Hoph`al Perfect בַּלָּהוֺת עָלַי הָהְמַּךְ‎ Job 30:15 there have been turned upon me terrors (compare הִתְגַּלְגָּ֑לוּ‎ 30:14, of foes).