H7585. sheol

שְׁאָ֫לָה‎ Isaiah 7:11 see שְׁאוֺל‎ 1 below

שְׁאֹל שְׁאוֺל,‎ noun feminine^{Psalm 86:13} (apparently masculine Job 26:6 compare Isaiah 14:9, see Albr^{ZAW xvi(1896), 51}) She®°ôl, underworld (√ dubious; שׁאל‎, i.e. palce of inquiry (reference to necromancy) Jastr^{Amos. Jsem. Lang. xiv. 170. cf JBL xix (1900), 88 ff.} (Jerem^{Lebenn. d. Tode 109} 'Ort der Entscheidung'); Thes Bö^{De Inf. § 158} Di and others compare √ שׁעל‎, whence שֹׁעַל‎ hallow hand, etc.; ׳שׁ‎ then = hallow place, 'Hölle', hell; other conjectures see Hup^{Ps. 66} De^5:14 Beer^{Bibl. Hades} in Holtzmann^{Festgabe,1902, 15}; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול‎, Syriac ; Assyrian šu-alu is dubious: so reads and interprets Dl^{pa 121, Prol.47. 145} Jastr^{Amos. J. Semitic Lang. xiv. 165 ff.} Ency. Bib^s.v.; opposed to by Bertin^{TSBA viii. 269} Jen^{Kosmol.223 ff.} Zim^{KAT 3. 636} and others; see also Muss-Arn^{JBL xi (1892), 169 and references}); — always absolute, שְׁאוֺל‎ Deuteronomy 32:22 52t.,הָ֯‎ Genesis 42:38; Psalm 9:18; שְׁאֹל‎ 1 Kings 2:6; Job 17:16, הָ֯‎ Genesis 37:35 7t.; + Isaiah 7:11 (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה‎ Aq Σ Θ Du Che and now most); —

1 the underworld, ׳שׁ תַּחְתִּית‎ Deuteronomy 32:22, מִתַּחַת‎ Isaiah 14:9; ׳מִשּׁ מִ֑טָּה‎ Proverbs 15:24; "" מָוֶת‎ 5:5; 7:27; Song of Solomon 8:6; Psalm 89:49; whither men descend at death, Genesis 37:35 (E), 42:38; 44:29, 31 (J), 1 Samuel 2:6; 1 Kings 2:6, 9; Job 7:9; 21:13; Isaiah 14:11, 15; Psalm 88:4, and Korah and associates go down alive by ׳י‎s judgment, Numbers 16:30, 33 (J), compare Psalm 55:16; under mountains and sea Job 26:6 (compare 26:5), שׁ ׳בֶּטֶן‎ Jonah 2:3 (compare 2:7); with bars Job 17:16 (si vera 1.: see ᵐ5‎ Du); שׁ ׳מִּי‎ Psalm 141:7; שׁ ׳שַׁעֲרֵי‎ Isaiah 38:10; personified 28:15, 18 ("" מות‎). as insatiable monster 5:14; Habakkuk 2:5; Proverbs 1:12; 27:20; 30:16; as said (figurative) to have snares, שׁ ׳חֶבְלֵי‎ Psalm 18:6 = 2 Samuel 22:6 compare שׁ ׳מְצָרֵי‎ Psalm 116:3; opposed to (height of) שָׁמַיִם‎ Amos 9:2; Job 11:8; Psalm 139:8 + (opposed to לְמָ֑עְלָה‎) Isaiah 7:11 (see above); dark, gloomy, without return Job 17:13 (compare 17:16; 7:9; 10:21; 16:22; all being alike 3:17-19; 21:23-26 ); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to Ecclesiastes 9:5-6, 10 (compare Job 14:21, and see רְפָאִים‎ below רפה‎; yet compare Isaiah 14:9f.).

2 condition of righteous and wicked distinguished in ׳שׁ‎ (later than 1 Samuel 28, especially inWisdom Literature):

a. wicked לִשְׁא֑וֺלָה יָשׁוּבוּ‎ Psalm 9:18, לִשׁ ׳יִדְּמוּ‎ 31:18; death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away 49:15 (twice in verse); ׳שׁ‎ consumes them as drought water Job 24:19; righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) Psalm 6:6 (compare 88:5), Isaiah 38:18; deliverance from it a blessing Psalm 30:4; 86:13; Proverbs 23:14. In Ezek. ׳שׁ‎ is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised Ezekiel 31:15-16, 17; 32:21, 27

b. righteous shall not be aban-doned, ׳לשׁ‎ Ezekiel 16:10 ("" שַׁחַת‎ q. v.; opposed to חַיִּים אִרַח‎ etc., 16:11, compare 17:15), is ransomed from ׳שׁ‎ Ezek 49:16 (compare Ezek 73:23; Ezek 73:25; Isaiah 57:1-2,); compare Job's expectation and desire Job 14:13; 17:13 (compare 10:21; 19:25f.).

3 later distinction of places in ׳שׁ‎:

a. depths of ׳שׁ‎ for sensualist Proverbs 9:18.

b. ׳שׁ וַאֲבַדּוֺן‎ Proverbs 25:11, see אֲבַדּוֺן‎. [שַׁחַת‎ and בּוֺר‎, q. v., when "" ׳שׁ‎, are usually in bad sense(Psalm 88:4); probably = pit in ׳שׁ‎, > ׳שׁ‎ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of post-Biblical Judaism and NT.]

4 ׳שׁ‎ figurative of extreme degradation in sin Isaiah 57:9; as place of exile for Israel Hosea 13:14 (twice in verse) (compare Isaiah 26:19).